THE 

DYER'S  COMPANIO] 

W  TWO  P4Rfs,    ^- 


PART  1st  CONTArNli??CI^  '  ''■  -  r  ^ 

Upwards  of  one  hundred  i'eceipts  for  colouring  woQlIeri,  cot- 
ton  or  silk  cloths,  yarn  or  thread,  all  kirfds  of  dolours  and 
shades,  so  as  to  make  them  lasting  and  peidhanent,  upon 
the  newest  and  most  improved  plan  in  d3ing  ;  \vith  direct- 
ions for  dressing  cloth,  and  some  obsei-vations  and  direc- 
tions as  to  the  use  of  colours  and  dye-stuff,  and  the  proper- 
ties and  effects  thei'eof— calculated  for  the  use  of  artists, 
private  families,  and  the  encouragement  of  manufacto- 
ries, ^c. 

THE  2d  PART  CONTAINING 

pirections  for  jacking  and  varnishing  leather  ;  to  make  Oil- 
Cloth,  Lacker  Brass,  and  Tin-Ware  :  To  colour  feathers, 
fur,  and  hair  ;  to  prepare  paints,  vaniishes,  &c.  to  stain 
wood  different  colours  ;  to  colour  hats,  either  in  whole  or 
any  particular  part  ;  together  with  a  number  of  medical 
receipts,  which  have  been  found  beneficial,  and  highly  ap- 
proved by  the  faculty. 

CONTAINING   ALSO — 

Many   discoveries  and  improvements,   not   before   made 
public. 

^^— ^— —————— ——iW^g—WHHWM .1    Ij^ 

BY  ELIJAH  BEMISS. 


NEW-LONDON  : 

PRINTED  BY  CADY  is"  EELLS^ 

roji  THB  author; 


niSTRlCr  OF  COXXECTICUT,  f. 

SZ,.5.|  "D^  it  remembei'cJ,  that  on   the  twcniy-sc- 
*******  J^  vcnth  day  of  August,  in  the  thirtit.'th  ye;;.' 
cii' the  Independence  of  the  United  Staaes  of  Aniericu, 
F.LiJAH  Bemiss,  ufs.'.id  district,   huth  dc/oi'iteu  in  this 
oftice  the  title  of  a  book,  the  i'ifj;ht  whereof  he  claims  as 
p.nthor,  in  the  words  followinj^,  «  The  DVElvS  COM- 
*»  PANION,  iii  two  parts — Pixrt  1st  coiitaininij  upwards 
'•  of  one  hundred  different  receipts   for  colouring  wool- 
'•  len,  cotton,  or  silk  cloths,  yarn  or  thread,  all  kinds  of 
"  colours  and  shades,  so  as  to  make  thcin  lasting  and 
**  permanent,  upon  the  newest  and  luost  improved  plan 
*'  in  dying:  ?  ^vith  directions  for  dressing  cloth,  and  some 
*'  observations  and  directions  as  to  the  use  of  colours 
«'  and  dye-stuff,  and  the  properties  and  effects  thereof-^ 
"  calculated  for  the  use  of  artists,  private  families,   and 
"  the    encouragement   of  manuiictoiies.  Sec.     Second 
"  part  contains  directions   for  jacking   and   varnishing 
"  leather  ;  to  make  oil-cloth,  lacker  brass,  and  tin-ware  ; 
"  to  colour  feathers,  fur,  and  hair  ;  to  prepare  paints, 
"  varnishes,  &c.  to  stain  wood  different  colours  ;  to   co- 
*'  loiu'  hats,  either  in  whole  or  any  particular  part  ;  to- 
«*  gether  with  a  number  of  medical  receipts,  which  have 
<'  been  found  beneficial,  and  highly  approved  by  the  fac- 
"  ulty.     Containing  also,  many  improvements  and  dis- 
"  coveries  not  before  made  public — By  Elijah  Bemiss." 
In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  entitled,  '  An  act  for  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
inj^-,  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,   charts  and  books, 
to  authors   and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the 
time  therein  mentioned." 

SIMEON  BALDWIN, 
Clerk  of  the  District  of  Connecticut. 
A  true  copv  of  record  examined  and  sealed  by 

S.  BALDWIN,  Cik,  Diat.  Con, 


PREFACE.  ' 

JL  HE  defign  of  "  The  Dyer's  Companion," 
is  to  furnKli  an  eafy  and  uniform  fyftem  of 
dying  for  the  ufe  of  pra£litioners,  and  thofe 
who  vviili  to  be  benefitted  by  that  and  other 
arts  introduced  in  this  work.  During  an  em- 
ployment of  fcveral  years  in  the  clothier's  bu- 
Cncfs,  I  had  to  combat  with  many  difficul- 
ties for  the  want  of  an  alTiItant  of  this  kind  ; 
and  I  arn  well  perfuaded  the  greater  part  of 
my  fellow-fun£lioners  have  laboured  under 
the  fameembarraffments,  as  there  has  not  been 
to  my  knov/ledge,  any  book  of  this  nature  ever 
before  publiflied  in  the  United  States — a  work 
which  I  humbly  conceive  will  not  only  be 
ferviceable  to  the  praftitioners,  but  to  the 
country  at  large. 

The  author's  attempt  to  improve  the  ufeful 
aris,  and  to  promote  manufactures,  he  hopes 
will  meet  the  approbation  and  encourage^ 
ment  of  his  fellow-citizens  ;  and  that  the 
piainnefs  of  his  plan,  will  be  excufed,  as  he 
is  an  unlettered  country  dyer.  His  long 
pra6life  in  .dying  and  dreffing  cloth,  &c.  has 
given  him  great  opportunity  for  making  im- 
A  2 


^  PREFACE. 

'^'provements  therein.     Thefe  arts  admit  of  ftill 

'^    greater  improvement,   if  proper   attention  is 

paid  to  recording  and  fVcuring  our  difcove- 

ries  ;  but  otherwife  it  rnuft  be  expcded  that 

fliey  will  remain  with  us  in  a  ftate  of  infancy. 

The  art  of  dying  is  ftill  far  from  having  ar- 
rived at  a  ftate  of  perfe6t:on  even  in  Europe, 
and  probably  will  not  in  our  age.  This  con- 
lideration  ought  not  to  difcourage  us,  but  to 
increafe  our  ambition  ;  for  it  muft  fee  ac- 
knowledged that  great  improvements  have 
been  made  and  are  ftill  making  in  this  coun- 
try. 

Thofe  to  whom  the  author  is  in  the  fmall- 
*ft  degree  indebted  for  promoting  the  ul'efuU 
iisfs  of  this  work,  will  pleafe  to  accept  his 
thanks  ;  their  future  favors  are  rcquefted, 
Ti'ith  a  hope  that  we  may  continue  to  live  in 
orothcrly  love.  By  contributing  our  mutual 
.\id  towards  gaining  and  fupporting  our  inde- 
pendence of  Great-Britain,  and  other  foreiga 
countries,  to  whom  in  arts  and  manufactures 
•^e  have  too  long  bowed  the  knee  ;  we  ftiall 
promote  our  own  interefts  and  our  country's 
/felfarc  and  glory. 

In  the  Firji  Pari  it  is  attempted  to  have  tlic 


PREFACE.  til 

Receipts  for  dying  woolen,  filk,  cotton  and 
linen  goods,  arranged  in  the  beft  order;  which 
is  followed  by  directions  for  the  management 
of  colouring,  See.  The  different  operations 
of  dye-ftuff  are  then  attempted  to  be  fliewn, 
together  with  directions  for  dreffinjj  cloth  ; 
doling  with  fome  obfervations  on  the  prefcnt 
fituation  of  our  bufinefs. 

The  Second  Part  contains  fevcral  ufefularts 
*nd  difcoveries,  colle6led  from  various  fourc- 
cs,  which  will  be  found  to  be  extremely  bene- 
ficial to  the  public  in  general. 

The  author  having  for  feveral  years  practif- 
ed  in  the  greater  part  of  the  arts  inferted  ia 
this  work,  pledges  himfelf  for  the  truth  of  his 
affertions.  He  has  endeavored  to  ufe  the 
plainefl  language,  and  to  point  out  every  part 
of  the  proceffes,  fo  that  no  one  fhould  be  dif- 
appointed  who  attempts  to  follow  his  direc- 
tions. 

Many  mafter  mechanicks  refufe  to  give  re- 
ceipts to  their  apprentices  unlefs  they  will  pay 
for  them,  and  at  a  high  price.  There  are 
many  receipts  in  this  book,  which,  to  theper- 
fonal  knowledge  of  the  author,  have  been  fold 
for  twenty  and  thirty  dollars  each  ;  and  ihe 


viii  PREFACE. 

purchafer  prohibited  from  communicating  the' 
receipt  to  any  other  perfon.  ^y  this  means, 
ufeful  dilcoveries  are  fometimes  wholly  loll  ; 
and  our  improvement  in  arts  and  m;'.nufac- 
tures  make  but  flow  progrcfs. 

Should  this  attempt  meet  with  reafonable 
encoura,5ement  the  work  will  be  enlarged  and 
amended.,  in  future  editions,  as  the  author 
may  find  time  and  means  for  the  purpofe. 


DYER'S  COMPANION* 

RECEIPTS,   8tc. 
1.  Tofeta  Hue  Vai  of  twelve  Barrels, 

J?  OR  a  Tat  of  twelve  barrels  ;  fill  the  rat  about 
half  full  of  water,  scalding  hot  ;  dissolve  eight 
pounds  of  potash  in  eight  gallons  of  warm  water  ; 
fill  the  copper  with  water  ;  add  one  half  of  the  pot- 
ash lie,  with  five  pounds  of  madder,  and  four 
quarts  of  wheat  bran  ;  heat  this  with  a  moderate 
fire,  nearljr  to  boiling  heat,  often  stirring  it—turn 
tliis  into  the  vat.  Take  five  pounds  of  indigo,  wet 
it  with  one  gallon  of  the  potash  lie,  and  grind  it 
well :  then  fill  your  copper  with  water,  and  add  tha 
remainder  of  your  potash  lie,  when  cool,  (being 
careful  in  pouring  it  off,  arthe  sediment  is  injurious 
to  the  dye)  ;  add  this  compound  of  indigo,  &c.  and 
four  pounds  of  woad  ;  stir  this  continually  over  a 
moderate  fire,  until  it  boils  ;  then  turn  it  into  tho 
vat,  and  stir,  rake  or  plunge  well,  until  well  mixed 
togetker :  cover  it  close  and  let  it  stsuid  two  hours ; 


ItO  DVtIl's    CCMTAriOK. 

then  add  fourouiiccs  of  boic\i;,  rake  ^Tcll,  and  let  ii 
stand  twelve  hours. 

If  it  docs  net  cottie  to  work,  then  take  ttvb  quarts 
of  uiiS'.aC'iJd  lime,  and  six  quarts  of  water,  putting 
them  into  a  vessel  proper  for  i,he  purpose,  and  stir- 
ring well  ;  after  standing  till  well  settled,  take  the 
lie  of  the  lime,  and'  rake'  agmn,  cover  close,  and 
let  it  stand  two  hours.  The  symptoms  of  the  dye 
being  fit  to  work,  may  be  knoAvn  by  the  rising  of  a 
fine  copper-colored  scum,  on  top  of  thed^e,  and 
likewise,  a  fine  froth  rising;  your  dye  will- fook  ' 
green,  and  your  cloth  dipt  in  it,  before  it  comes 
to  the  air,  v.'ill  look  green  also. 

Form  of  a  Vat  and  other  Utenjils  neaJfaryfoY 
Blue  Dying. 

1st.  The  Vat  ought  to  be  made  of  pine  plr.nk,  at 
least  two  inches  thick  :  it  should  be  five  feet  long, 
and  the  width  sufficient  for  containing  th6  quantity 
required  ;  the  largest  end  down,  and  about  three 
feet  m  the  ground  ;  hooped  with  large  iron  hoqps  as 
far  as  it  stands  in  the  ground  ;  and  all  abpye'ground 
covered  with  wooden  hoops  ;  the  top  covered  tight 
with  a  thick  cover  so  as  to  exclude  tlie  cold  air.  A 
small  lid  should  be  made  to  open  and  shut  at  pleas- 
-  ure  for  the  purpose  pf^admiitmg  the  dye  into  th^ 
Krat,  stirring,  raking,  &6. ,  It  is  absolutely  necessa* 
r^  to  cover  close,  so  ;as  Vjr  confine  the_ heat  an^  steam. 


Pyer's  companion.  il 

from  the  time  you  begin  to  empty  your  liquor,  un- 
til your  vat'  i-s  full.  The  liquor  should  be  conveyed 
from  the  copper  to,  the  vat  by  a  spout  or  trunk,  and 
after  stirring,  be  immediately  covered  dose. 

2d.  The  Rnke  is  of  an  oval  form,  with  a  Iiandle 
tliri)ugh  the  middle,  of  sumeient  length  to  reach 
the  bottom  of  the  vat  -with  ease. 

3d.  The  Screen  or  Eacldle^  to  prevent  the  goods 
fi-om  sinking  upon  the  sediment.  This  utensil  is 
placed  about  ten  or  twelve  inches  from  the  bottom 
of  the  vat.  It  should  be  as  large  as  the  top  of  the 
vat  will  admit,  and  filled  with  netting  or  splinters  ; 
it  should  be  hung  by  three  cords,  from  the  top,  so 
as  to  be  easily  taken  out  when  necessary,  and  a 
weight  in  the  middle  sufficient  to  keep  it  down. 

4Lh.  The  Cross-Bar,  or  stick  across  the  vat. 
This  should  be  about  one  inch  in  diameter,  and  plac- 
£d  about  six  inches  from  the  top,  and  across  the  mid- 
dle of  tne  vat. 

5th.  The  Handlers,  Claivs  or  Hooks,  are  for  ma- 
naging the  cloth  in  the  dye,  (for  no  air  mustfcbme 
to  the  cloth  wliile  in  the  dye).  The  claws  are  macfe 
•with  wooden  handles  ;  the  hooks  of  iron  in  an  ov4l 
form,  half  round,  and  notches  in  the  hooks  like  saw 
t«eth,  for  the  purpose  of  catching  hold  of  the  cloth. 


|2  dter's  coMPAieiow. 

To  Jit  Cloths  for  Dying, 

In  the  first  place  scour  the  grease  well  out  of  the 
cloths.  Take  about  thirty  yards  of  cloth  to  a  fold 
oi'  draft,  hoMng  prepared,  in  your  copper,  about 
two  barrels  of  Avater,  with  four  ounces  of  pearl-ash 
ilxrein  ;  in  this  liquor  run  and  prepare  your  cloth 
'or  the  vat  about  eight  or  ten  minutes  ;  then  roll  it 
cut  and  let  it  drain.  Tlien  fold  it  up  smooth  on  the 
side  of  the  vat,  that  it  may  go  in  open  ;  toss  the 
f  nd  over  the  cross-bar,  and  let  a  person  on  the  other 
side  w  ith  his  handlers  be  ready  to  poke  it  doivn,  and 
Jet  it  be  done  quick  and  lively.  When  the  cloth  is 
all  in  the  vat,  take  the  other  end  back  again,  by 
pulling  it  hand  over  hand,  very  lively,  till  you 
arrive  at  the  other.  Then  slaift  sides,  and  manage 
in  this  manner  till  ready  for  taking  out  ;  which 
will  be  in  ten  or  twelve  minutes,  if  the  dye  is  ripe 
and  hot.  But  judg-ment  must  be  used  in  this  case  ; 
when  the  dye  is  weak  and  cool,  it  is  necessary  xm 
keep  the  ckith  in  an  hour  or  more  ; 

In  taking  the  cloth  out  of  the  vat,  it  is  necessary 
to  use  dispatch.  The  utensils  for  this  pui-pose  are 
^o  crooked  irons  passed  just  above  the  vat,  so  that 
two  men  may  put  the  cloth  thereon,  as  taken  out 
of  the  vat  ;  then  a  windlass  for  the  purpose  of 
wringing  the  cloth  as  dry  as  conveniently  can  be 
4*nc,     Hang  your  cloth  then  in   the  opcH  air,  till 


BTK&'S   COMPAXIOIT;  IS 

it  w  perfectly  cool.  At  the  same  time,  if  you  have 
more  cloth,  prepare  it  as  described  before  in  the 
copper  of  pearlash  water.  This  process  must 
l?e  observed  every  time  the  cloth  is  dipped  in  the 
vat.  Two  dressings  are  commonly  sufficient  for 
colouring  the  first  time  ;  then  air  and  rincc,  and 
this  will  be  a  pretty  good  blue — and  full  and  manage 
^s  you  do  cloths  to  prepare  them  for  colouring. 
However,  your  dye  must  not  be  crowded  too  fast 
at  first. 

If  y©ufind  your  dye  does  not  colour  fast  enough, 
cover  and  rake,  and  let  it  stand  an  hour  or  two ;  beinj 
careful  to  keep  the  vat  covered,  excepting  when  the 
cloth  is  in  :  work  the  dye  till  it  is  cool,  then  heat  it 
again.  If  all  your  cloths  are  not  coloured  for  full- 
ing ;  heat  your  dye  again  in  the  copper  or  other  u- 
tcnsil,  nearly  to  boiling  heat,  then  turn  it  into  the 
vat  and  cover  it  up  ;  add  two  pounds  of  pearlash, 
rake  well,  and  let  it  stand  ten  or  twelve  hours  ;  then 
rake  it,  and  let  it  stand  two  hours,  when  it  will  be 
fit  for  work.  Let  the  die  be  worked  as  long  as  it 
will  colour  well ;  then  manage  as  before  until  the 
dye  is  reduced.  Recruit  as  before  in  setting,  and 
manage  in  the  same  manner  till  your  cloths  are  all 
coloured.  Only  omit  two  pounds  of  potash  and  one 
pound  of  indigo  out  of  the  quantity  ;  and  the  dye 
ijiust  stand  to  come  to  work,  which  will  probably 

B 


1*  DTEr's    COMrANIOH. 

be  sooner  than  at  first ;  caution  must  be  used  ab«ut 
working  it  too  soon. 

The  cloths  when  fulled  and  prepared  for  colour- 
jng-,  must  be  managed  as  at  first,  and  run  till  they 
suit.  After  you  have  done  coloring,  open  your 
vat,  rake  well,  and  give  tlie  dye  all  all  the  air  you 
can.  Let  it  stand,  and  it  may  be  kept  good  for  ma- 
ny years,  if  rightly  managed  :  After  it  has  been 
recruited  several  times,  it  will  be  necessary  to  dip 
off  the  dye  carefully,50  as  not  to  disturb  the  sediment 
or  lees,  and  throw  it  away.  When  the  dye  has 
been  standing  a  long  time,  it  is  necessary  to  throvi^ 
away  the  lees,  for  they  will  have  a  tendency  to  in^ 
jure  the  dye,  and  the  colour  will  not  be  so  bright 
if  they  i-emain  in  the  vat.  The  dye  will  not  come 
to  Avork  so  soon  as  if  the  sediment  had  remained  in 
the  vat,  and  it  ought  not  to  be  disturbed  excepting 
when  it  is  necessary  to  dispense  with  some  of  the 
lees. 

The  dyer  being  careful  to  manage  according  to 
these  directions,  will  have  the  best  mode  of  dying 
cloth  blue  known  by  me. 

To  color  yarn  or  wool  in  this  dye,  the  yarn  must 
be  hung  loose  in  the  dye,  and  the  wool  be  put  loose 
into  a  nett  and  then  immersed. 

"When  the  goods  arc  dyed,  hare  them  immedi- 
ately rinced  in  clear  water  j  when  drycd,  take  twelve 


I)YEll*S    COMPAVlOM.  15 

gallons  of  warm  -water  to  one  pound  of  hard  soap 
dissolved,  and  one  pint  of  beef  gall  ;  tvet  the  cloth 
wth  this,  and  let  it  run  in  the  mill  eight  or  ten 
minutes,  then  rince  it  with  fair  vf&ttv  till  perfectly 
clean,  and  it  will  prevent  the  goods  from  crscUing, 
lee. 


2rf.  ANOTHER  METHOD  FOR  BLUE. 
The  best  to  dye  Yam  or  Wool. 

X  O  set  a  tub  of  6  gallons,  take  five  gallons  of 
good  old  sig,  to  which  add  2  gills  of  spirits,  half  9, 
pound  of  good  indigo  made  fine  ;  put  it  in  a  bag, 
wet  it,  and  rub  it  out  in  the  dye,  then  add  two  oun- 
ces of  pcarlash,  and  2  ounces  of  good  madder  ;  stir 
and  mix  it  all  togctlier,  let  it  stand  24  hours  ;  then 
add  half  a  pint  of  wheat  bran,  stir  it  up  till  well 
mixed  together,  let  it  stand  24  hours  longer,  and  if 
your  dye  does  not  come  to  work  by  this  time,  stir  it 
as  often  as  once  in  two  or  three  hours,  but  do  not 
apply  your  goods  before  your  copper  scum  and 
froth  rises,  and  the  dye  looks  greenish  when  drop- 
ping, and  your  yam  or  wool  looks  greenish  when 
applied  to  the  dye,  which  are  symptoms  that  your 
dye  is  in  good  order  tor  use ;  but  you  must  be  cau- 
tious not  to  croud  your  dye  too  full,  for  many  blue 
dyes  are  destroyed  in  this  way.  Be  careful  also  a- 
bout  reducing  your  dye  too  low  j  always  keep  ini* 


14  dyer's  compavigk. 

go  in  the  bag,rubbing  it  out  when  necessary  ;  and  you 
need  not  stop  your  dye  to  recruit  it  after  it  has  come 
to  work  ;  but  make  your  additions  when  you  take 
your  goods  out,  as  you  find  it  necessary.  Wring 
out  the  goods,  stir  your  dye  well  together,  cover  it 
close,  and  place  it  where  it  will  keep  lukewarm. 
It  will  not  dye  so  quick  as  the  other  dye,  but  it 
will  make  a  superior  blue.  It  is  commonly  from 
two  to  three  days  in  colouring  for  a  deep  blue. 

N.  B.  The  yarn  or  wool  should  be  wet  in  warm 
sig,  before  it  is  put  in  the  dye,  and  the  tub  cover- 
ed close,  &c. 


5i.  AXOl'HER  METHOD  FOR  BLUE. 

J.  AKE  half  a  pail  full  of  good  ashes,  two  quarts 
of  stone  lime,  and  as  much  sig  as  to  run  through 
three  gallons  of  liquor  ;  add  two  ounces  of  good  in- 
digo made  fine,  four  ounces  of  good  madder,  and 
half  a  pint  of  wheat  bran  ;  stir  and  mix  it  well  to- 
gether, let  it  stand  two  days,  then  stir  it  up,  and 
put  in  half  a  pint  of  good  emptines.  Let  it  stand 
34  hours,  and  your  dye  will  be  fit  for  work. 

Dire^ions  to  he  chfcrved  in  common   Co- 
louring. 

EVERY  person  that  understands  his  business 
knows  what  utensils  are  necessary  for  the  busines» 


dtjbr's  companiom.  It 

in  colouring  ;  however,  I  will  give  a  brief  dcscrip* 
tion  of  those  commonly  used. 

The  first  thing  necessary  is  the  copper  kettle  ;  1 
say  co/ifier  kettle,  because  it  is  most  commonly 
used  in  all  hot  dyes,  and  all  hot  dyes  may  be 
coloured  in  the  copper,  and  I  shall  mention  no  oth- 
er in  the  following  receipts.  Block  tin  or  brass, 
are  better  for  red  and  yellow,  than  the  copper  ;  and 
iron  the  best  for  black  or  green  ;  but  this  I  leave  to 
the  discretion  of  those  in  practice.  The  size  ought 
to  be  from  two  to  four  barrels,  according  as  your 
business  requires.  In  setting  the  kettle,  reference 
should  be  had  to  convenience  of  heating  and  work- 
ing. 

The  Reel,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  which  i» 
used  for  managing  the  cloth  in  the  dye,  is  conduct- 
ed over  and  over  in  the  dye,  being  turned  by  a 
nvench  ;  and  the  cloth  is  poked  down  and  spread  o- 
pen  by  a  stick  about  three  feet  long.  The  cloth  al- 
ways should  be  tended  lively  when  in  the  dye. 
(The  time  the  cloth  is  to  be  in  these  dyes,  will 
hereafter  be  described.) 

"When  the  cloth  has  been  a  sufficient  time  in  th« 
dye,  then  real  or  wind  it  up  ;  let  it  drain  a  few  mi- 
nutes, then  take  it  out  in  the  open  air,  and  spread 
it  till  perfectly  cool  ;  and  tliismustbe  the  manage- 
.  jnent  everj  time  the  cloth  is  .dipped.    JNevcr  add 

Ba 


18  ctek's  compamiok. 

any  dye-slnfF  or  water  when  the  cloth  is  in  the  dye  ; 
but  when  added,  stir  and  mix  the  dye  well  together 
before  the  cloth  is  put  in.  The  cloth  should  be  per- 
fectly cool  in  order  to  make  the  colours  bright,  have 
the  kettle  well  cleaned.  The  most  common  form 
I  practice,  is  to  rince  the  dye  well  off,  then  take 
some  ashes  and  a  swab,  and  rub  it  well  and  rince  it 
clean,  and  it  will  answer  for  most  colours.  But  if 
it  does  not  appear  bright  enough,  then  tfeke  half  a 
gill  of  Oil  of  vitricl,  and  rub  in  the  same  manner  as 
before  ;  rinc;  clean,  &c. 

To  clean  a  Copper. 

TAKE  four  ovmces  of  allum,  two  quarts  of  vi- 
negar, and  two  ounces  of  oil  of  vitriol  ;  put  theia 
all  together,  heat  them  boiling  hut,  aJid  put  them 
into  your  kettle  ;  wash  it  well  with  a  swab,  rince  it 
with  V'Hler  clean,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  any  dyca. 


I 


.i  GE,VERAL  RULE. 


SHALL  lay  it  down  as  a  general  rule,  to  take 
20  yds.  or  16  lbs.  weight  for  the  quantity  of  cloth, 
for  which  to  proportion  the  dye-stuff.  However, 
any  quantity  of  cloth  or  goods  may  be  coloured  by 
the  following  receipts  ;  only  in  the  like  proportion 
stt  before  mentioned :  and  another  thing;  is  to  be  ob- 


l)tER*S    COMPANION.  Itf 

serred,  the  different  states  of  the  dyes,  by  giving 
all  your  goods  an  equal  chance  in  the  dye  ;  for  most 
of  colours  the  dye  is  good  for  nothing  for  that  cc* 
lour  after  the  colour  is  done. 

Alh.  FOR  BLUE, 

TO  20  yds  of  fulled  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
good  logwood  chips  ;  fill  your  cojiper  with  fair  wa- 
ter, add  the  logwood,  and  boil  well  till  the  strength 
is  out  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  good  madder  and  one 
pound  of  allum  ;  let  it  simmer  together  fifteen  min- 
utes, but  not  boil,  (for  the  madder  ought  never  to 
boil)  run  your  cloth  twenty  or  thirty  minutes, 
roll  out  and  air  it  ;  let  the  dye  simmer  a  few 
minutes,  then  run  it  again  as  before,  with  the  heat 
of  the  dye  increasing,  about  thirty  minutes:  air  it, 
and  the  cloth  will  then  appear  of  a  purple  cast  or 
shade.  Then  take  two  ounces  of  verdigrease  pul- 
verised fine  ;  then  take  one  piut  of  sig  ;  put  them 
into  a  proper  vessel,  and  simmer  them  together 
■with  constant  stirring,  tilfwell  mixed  and  dissolved ; 
then  add  this  to  your  dye,  with  two  gallons  of  sig, 
and  two  ounces  of  blue  vitriol  ;  boil  them  mode- 
rately together  about  15  minutes,  then  stop  your 
dye  from  boiling,  and  stir  well  together,  then  run 
your  cloth  about  thirty  minutes  :  run  in  this  man- 
ner till  the  colour  suits,  and  you  will  have  a  fin<f 
blue,  but  it  will  not  be  so  durable  as  Indigo  blue. 


20  dyer's    COSiPANION. 

Sth.    FOR  BLUE. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  fulled  Cloth;  fill  your  copi 
per  with  fair  water,  heat  it  boiling  hot,  take  two 
pcunds  of  copperas,  half  a  pound  of  allum,  a  quarter 
of  a  pound  of  argal,  or  red  lartar— .pulverise  these 
together,  and,  put  this  coaipound  into  the  boiling 
"water — skim  your  dye,  stop  its  boiling,  run  your 
cloth  twenty  or  thirty  minutes,  air  and  run  it  again, 
as  before,  twenty  minutes,  air  and  rince  it  in  water ; 
shift  your  liquor  from  the  copper,  rince  your  cop- 
per, fill  it  with  fair  water,  then  add  four  pound  of 
good  logwood  chips,  boil  well  twenty  minutes,  then 
slacken  your  fire  and  adel  an  half  pound  of  good 
madder  ;  let  it  simmer  fifteen  minutes— together 
with  one  ounce  verdigrease  made  fine,  as  described 
in  receipt  fourth,  with  sig,  &c.  then  take  one  gallon 
of  sig  and  add  with  the  rest  to  the  dye,  slir  them 
^vell  together,  till  the  dye  is  well  mixed  ;  run  your 
cloth  again  in  this  dye  thirty  minutes,  air  it,  and  add 
two  ounces  of  pearl-ashes,  and  run  it  again,  with  the 
dye  well  mixed  together — handle  in  this  manner, 
till  your  colour  pleases.  This  Avill  be  a  good  blue, 
rather  preferable  to  receipt,  no.  4. 

6;A.     PRUSSIJJ^  BLUE. 

Compound,  or  Chymick. — This  compound  or 
blueing  is  made,  thus  :  Take  one  pound  of  good  flo- 
tong  indigo  pulverised,  four  pounds  of  oil  of  vitri^Ii 


DYBR's   COMPANlOy.  *21 

and  two  ounces  of  fine  salt— put  this  in  a  stone  pot 
(or  some  earthern  vessel)  that  will  contain  six  times 
the  quantity  of  this  compound,  or  it  will  be  liable 
to  rise  and  run  over.— First  put  in  the  vitriol,  then 
the  indigo,  then  the  salt ;  stir  this  ccmtmually,  one 
hour,  or  till  it  gets  pretty  well  settled  and  cool — for 
it  will  boil  and  foment  in  a  terrible  manner.  Let  it 
stand  four  days  or  a  week,  covered  close,  stirring  it 
now  and  then,  as  is  most  convenient. 


*lth.    ^NornER  Method  for  BLUEiJtc, 
OR  Compound, 

TAKE  one  pound  of  common  good  indigo,  six 
pounds  of  oil  of  vitriol,  half  a  pound  of  stone 
lime — put  these  together,  (as  described  before)  in 
the  pot,  and  stir  it — This  will  be  fit  to  use  in  forty- 
eight  hours.  I  have  mixed  it  without  either  lime  or 
salt  ;  but  it  requires  more  stirrmg  and  longer 
standing  before  it  is  fit  for  use.  This  compound  is 
used  for  dyeing  Prussian  blue,  green,  and  many  oth- 
er colours. 


N  Qth.     PRUSSIA/^  BLUE. 

FILL  your  copper  with  fair  water,  heat  it  near- 
ly boiling  hot,  then  add  of  your  blue  (as  is  before* 


22  BYER's    COMPAWrOK. 

mentioned)  a  little,  ajid  stir  it  well  with  the  water, 
run  your  cloth,  roll  out,  air,  and  add  of  your  com- 
pound by  little  and  little,  till  your  t  olour  pleases.— 
You  may  make,  in  this  dye,  any  sliade  you  wmH,  of 
this  kind  of  blue,  and  very  briglit. 

9th.    FOR  GREET/. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pound  of  fus- 
tick  chips  and  boil  them  well,  tlien  add  one  quarter 
pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  iill  it  is  a  good  yel- 
low, then  add  of  your  blueing*  about  half  a  gill  at  a 
time,  stir  and  mix  it  well  together  in  the  dye,  run 
your  cloth  with  a  hot  fire,  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes, 
then  air  and  a  little  of  your  blueing,  and  run  agaia 
in  the  same  manner  as  before,  and  add  of  your  blue- 
ing, little  by  little,  till  your  colour  suits. 

If  you  have  a  considerable  quantity  ©f  cloth  to 
colour,  it  will  be  accessary  to  boil  your  fustick  till 
your  dye  is  strong  ;  then  put  it  in  a  tub,  for  the  con- 
venience of  dipping  it  off  as  it  is  wanted  to  mix 
with  the  blueing.  The  quantity  of  yellow  die  to  be 
dipped  off,  must  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  thcdyerj 
according  to  the  quantity  of  cloth  in  colouring  ;  let 
the  chips  remain  iu  the  kettle,  and  fill  your  copper 
with  water,  boil  again,  and  vellow  your  ciolh  till  a 
good  vellow,   by  adding  allum  evevv  dpning — then 

*  This  con-pound  of  vitriol  and  indigo,  is  known  by 
the  blueinj;  chyinick  ox  «axon  pot* 


X>T£ll  S  CCVMPAKIOV.  SS 

take  the  chips  out  of  the  dye,  then  add  of  your  blue- 
ing, run  your  all  cloths,  add  of  your  blueing  j^nd 
yellow  die,  having  your  die  hot  and  well  mixed  to- 
gether— run  your  cloth,  and  add  of  your  compound 
and  yellow  die,  by  little  and  little,  well  mixed  and 
stirred  together  ;  and  if  the  colour  does  not  appear 
bright  enough,  frequently  add  a  little  allum,  keep  it 
in  much  longer,  and  this  will  give  lustre  to  your 
colour. — This  is  the  best  method  of  dyeing  a  bright 
green,  I  believe,  in  the  world,  or  the  best  I  ever 
knew. 

Green  requires  the  judgment  of  the  dyer  to  pre- 
vent one  colour  from  overrunning  the  other,  other- 
wise tlie  colour  will  appear  dull,  and  never  can  be 
made  bright.  But  follow  the  receipt  with  care  and 
judgment,  and  you  will  have  a  very  fine  green, 


lOifi.    FOR  GIiE£M 

TO  ttvcnty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pouads  of 
good  fiistick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of 
allum,  run  your  cloth  till  a  good  yellow  ;  then  add 
of  your  blueing  half  a  pound,  run  your  cloth  twen- 
ty or  thirty  minutes,  then  air,  and  add  a  little  cop«- 
peras  and  a  little  logwood  ;  let  it  boil  a  few  minutes, 
run  again,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


8i  bter's  compa:<io». 

lllh.     FOR  GRE£A': 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloih  take  four  pounds  of 
fustic  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of  pearl 
ashes,  one  ounce  of  allum,  one  ounce  of  aqua  fortis 
• — let  it  boi),  stir  and  mix  it  well  together,  then  run 
your  cloth  till  a  good  yellow  ;  air,  and  add  of  your 
blueing,  well  mix  it  with  your  dye,  run  your  cloth, 
and  add  of  your  blueing  by  httle  and  little,  till  you? 
colour  pleases, 


\Qth.  FOR  GR££M 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  quarts  of 
■wheat  bran,  wet  it  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve 
hours  ;  fill  your  copper  with  fair  water,  put  your 
bran  in  a  bag  and  let  it  boil  in  the  water  one  hour, 
take  it  out,  let  it  dt-ain,  and  squeeze  it  dry  as  you 
can  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  argal,*  made  fine,  and 
one  ounce  of  allum  ;  boil  well,  i-un  your  cloth  for- 
ty minutes,  boiling  ;  then  air  and  rince,  shift  your 
liquor  from  your  copper,  rince  and  fill  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
well  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  add  a  Jittle 
allum,  and  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes  more  ; 
then  add,  gradually,  as  much  blueing  as  is  nccessa- 
ry,and  sadden  with  a  little  copperas. 

»  This  is  called  by  some,  Crude,  or  Red  Tartar* 


over's  companion.  us 

If  the  colour  is  not  bright  enough,  shift  your  dye 
from  your  copper,  and  fill  ■^^■ith  fair  water  ;  heat  it 
nearly  to  bDiling  heat,  add  a  little  blueing,  and  handle 
till  your  colour  pleases. 


\5ch.  FOR  GREEA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  boil  well  ;  then  add  two  ounce* 
of  allum,  and  six  ouHces  of  compound  or  blueing—. 
half  of  your  blueing  at  a  time  ;  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty minutes,  then  add  the  rest  of  your  blueing  to- 
g^ether  with  yellow  dye  and  a  little  allum  ;  run  again 
as  before  ;  then  add  tMo  ounces  of  blue  vitriol,  boil 
well,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases, 

N.  B.  These  green  dyes  are  worth  saving  as  they 
are  useful  in  many  dyes,  especially  for  bottle  green 
in  the  first  begirming. 


\ith.  FOR  BOTTLE  GREEJT. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of  al- 
lum and  your  blueing  ;  stir  and  mix  them  well  to- 
gether, then  rua  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air  and 

c 


36  BYEn's    COMrANIOK. 

run  again  till  you  have  it  a  good  deep  green  ;  thea 
add  two  pounds  of  logwood,  boil  well,  take  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  verdigrease,  pulverise  it,  and 
put  in  a  proper  vessel  with  one  pint  of  vinegar  ;  let 
it  simmer  together  with  constant  stirring,  till  all  dis- 
solved ;  then  add  it  to  the  dye,  stir  and  mix  it  well 
together,  run  your  cloth  with  your  dye  hot,  thirty 
or  forty  minutes  ;  then  air  and  sadden  with  coppe- 
-ras,  till  the  colour  is  dark  enough. 

|f  your  green  goes  off",  shift  your  dye  from  your 
•opper,  clean  it  well,  rincc  your  cloth  well,  fill 
your  kettle  with  fair  water,  heat  it  boiling  hot,  and 
add  blueing  by  degrees  till  your  colour  pleases. 


l$th.  FOR  BOTTLE  GREEX. 

FOR  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  fill  your  copperwith 
fair  water,  heat  it  boiling  hot  ;  take  half  a  pound  of 
blue  vitriol,  and  let  it  dissolve  in  the  water  ;  run 
your  cloth  30  minutes,  air  and  run  again  as  before; 
then  add  three  pounds  of  good  logwood  chips  and 
two  pounds  of  fustic,  and  boil  well ;  run  your  cloth, 
and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases  ;  and  you  will 
bave  a  fine  bottle  green,  but  it  is  more  liable  to  fade 
Uinn  the  other,  which  will  hold  equal  to  a  blue. 


fiTER-'s    COMPAKlON''.  x!^ 

16//V.  FOR  OLIVE  GHEEX. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  poxmJs-of  fus-. 
tic,  boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  al- 
liim,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blueing  ;  run  your 
cloth  one  hour,  then  add  half  a  busliel  of  butternut 
bark  ;  let  it  boil  moderately  till  the  strength  is  well 
©lit ;  run  your  cloth  30  minutes,  air,  and  run  again  ; 
then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  capperas,  and' 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

V/hen  I  have  any  bright  green  d}e,  as  in  receipt 
Ko.  9,  I  use  it  as  a  preparation  for  the  olive  green. 


nth.  FOR   YELLOJV. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  aqua  foitis,  and  as  much  pewter  or  block 
tin  as  the  aqua  fortis  will  dissolve  ;  (first  pouring 
the  pewter  jn  a  melted  state  into  water  ;)  fill  your 
copper  v.ith  fair  water,  boiling  hot  ;  then  add  the 
compound  of  aqua  fortis,  Sec.  with  six  ounces  of  ar- 
gal,  and  half  a  pound  of  allum  ;  boil  well,  run  your 
cloth  boiling  forty  minutes  ;  then  air  a;id  rince,  and 
shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill  Avith  fair 
water,  then  take  four  pounds  of  good  fus- 
tick,  ajid  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  tarmerick,  boil 


3t  btsk's  companiok. 

well,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  your 
cloth  thirty  minutes,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
please  S) 


\Bth.  FOR  YELLOW. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  potmd  of  al- 
lum, fill  your  copper  with  fair  water,  heat  boil- 
ing hot,  run  your  cloth  boiling,  three  quarters  of 
an  hour  ;  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your 
copper  ;  rince  and  fill  with  fair  water  ;  add  six 
pounds  of  good  fustick,  boil  well,  then  add  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  two  ounces  of  aqua  for- 
tis  killed  with  pewter  as  described  in  receipt  No.  17  ; 
stir  and  mix  it  well  together  with  your  dye  ;  run 
your  cloth  and  handle  till  your  colour  suits  your 
fancy. 

The  dyer  must  be  exceeding  careful  in  these  yel- 
low dyes,  that  his  copper  utensils  and  cloth  are  all 
clean  ;  for  the  yellow  dyes  are  very  easily  spoiled. 
It  also  requires  gi'eat  care  about  handling  the  cloths, 
that  you  do  not  touch  them  against  any  thing  that 
will  spot  them,  for  that  is  not  very  easily  mended. 

N.  B.  The  aqua  fortis  must  be  put  in  a  sound 
earthen  vessel,  to  contain  much  more  than  the 
quantity  of  aqua  fortis  ;  ibr  it  will  boil  and  fly,  and 
appear  to  be  red  hot  when  you  put  in  the  pewter  or 


dyer's  companion.  29 

block  tm  ;  and  it  must  be  led  as  long  as  it  will  dis- 
solve it.  Then  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  apply  it 
to  the  dye.  This  is  tlie  way  that  atjua  fuitis  must 
be  used,  except  otherwise  directed.  Remember 
the  pewter  or  block  tin  must  be  melted  and  thrown 
into  water,  and  it  will  dissolve  the  better,  Sec. 


19M.  BUFF  YELLOW. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
good  tustick,  boil  well  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  ttie  best  madder  and  six  ounces  of  allum  ; 
let  it  simmer  togethe?,  but  not  boil,  (for  the  mad- 
der must  not  boil,  but  be  near  boiling)  run  your 
cloth,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

N.  B.  The  yellow  dye,  (after  you  have  done  dy- 
ing your  yellow,)  may  be  useful  to  all  colours  that 
hare  yellow  in  them  ;  for  green,  ohve,  &c. 


20^.^.  TO  TAKE  THE  COLOUR  OUT  OF  CLOTH. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
red  tartar,  four  pounds  of  aJlum,  three  quarters  of 
a  pound  of  cream  of  tartar,  one  pound  of  white  ai-- 
gal  or  tartar  ;  pulverize  and  mix  them  together ;  fill 

C  a 


UVER  S    COMPAMOK. 


your  coppt'V  \vith  fuir  vater,  heat  boiiiiig  hoi  ;  the* 
uM  your  compound,  kt  it  boil,  lun  your  clolli  one 
hour,  boiling  ;  and  this  will  completely  destroy  al- 
most any  colour,  or  colours. 


9Ast.  2^'OR   YELLOJV, 

AFTER  you  have  taken  the  colour  c-ut.  The 
cloth  must  be  well  rinced  in  v,'ater.  For  twenty 
yards  of  cloth  ;  fill  your  copper  with  fair  water, 
then  add  two  pounds  of  fuetick,  (the  best  kind)  half 
a  pound  of  t^round  tarmerick,  and  one  ounce  of  a- 
.jU.ifortis;  boil  well,  run  your  cloth,  al^d  handle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 


•J  3^/.  7'0  T.-iKE  THE  COLOUR  OUT  OF  CLOTH. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  half  a  pound  of 
oil  of  vitriol,  put  in  about  one  quart  of  cold  water, 
^itir  it  till  well  mixed  with  the  water  ;  put  it  in  your 
coppei^  already  filled,  and  boiling  hot,  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air  and  rince, 
tnd  y<5lt  may  make  almost  any  colour  yon  please, 
on  cloth  that  has  bad  the  colour  taken  out  in  this 
>f  ay  ;  but  you  cannot  if  done  in  the  way  of  receipt 
No.  iO.    It  must  be  observed,  thc\t  there  caBHOt  be 


DYEH'S    COMPANIOK.  31 

any  great  quantity  of  cloth  or  goods  managed  in 
tliese  preparations  at  once,  without  shifting  the  li- 
quor ;  for  the  dye-stufT  that  is  extracted  from  the 
cloth  will  overpower  the  preparation  that  dissolves 
the  colour.  I  have  destroyed  a  black  of  the  best 
kind,  and  made  a  good  yellow,  in  this  way. 


23i.  SCARLET  RED. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of 
good  fustick,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  tarmerick,  six 
ounces  of  aqua  foitis,  and  half  a  pound  of  argal  or 
red  tartar,  which  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out, 
(the  copper  being  clean  as  psssible,  and  tlie  water 
fair)  then  run  your  cloth  two  hours  with  tiae  dye 
boiling  ;  then  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  copper,  and  fill  with  clsan  water  ;  heat  boil- 
ing hot,  then  take  one  peck  of  wheat  bran  Avet  witli 
vinegar,  and  after  standing  twelve  hours,  put  it  in  a 
bag,  and  boil  Avell  one  hour;  let  it  drain,  and  squeeze 
it  as  dry  as  you  conveniently  can,  run  your  cloth 
SO  minutes,  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  copper  ;  clean  your  copper  as  clean  as  possi- 
ble, fill  with  fair  water,  and  heat  boiling  hot  ;  then 
add  five  ounces  of  cochineal  made  fine,  one  ounce  of 
Ted  arsenick,  two  ounces  and  an  half  of  aqua  fortis, 
two  ounces  of  gum  armoniack  ;  boil  this  together 
till  the  strength  is  well  out  j  then  rtjn  yoar  clotfa 


32  DYEIl's    COMPAXtGJ:. 

•with  the  dye  boiling,  run  till  your  t,o!our  suits,  and 
you">viiI  have  a  fine  scarlet. 


^.Uh.  SCJRLET  RED. 
To  twenty  yards  of  cloih,  take  one  prck  of  wheat 
bran  wet  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve  Iiours  ; 
fill  your  copper  -with  wat'^r,  heat  boiling  hot  ;  put 
the  bran  pudding  into  a  bag,  let  it  boil  one  hour, 
then  run  your  cloth  with  the  dye  boiling,  forty  min- 
u'es  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  aqua  fortis, 
three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  argal  or  red  tartar  ;  run 
forty  minutes  more  witii  the  dye  boihng,  then  air, 
riiir.e  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  and 
fiU  with  water  ;  add  one  pound  of  fiistick,  and  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  tarmcrick,  boil  this  one  hour ; 
then  run  your  clotli  one  hour  with  the  dye  boiling, 
air,  rinceand  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
with  water,  heat  boiling  hot  ;  then  add  six  ounces 
of  cochineal  pulverised,  three  ounces  of  aqua  fortis, 
and  one  ounce  of  armoniac  ;  let  it  boil  well  fifteen 
minutes  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour  with  your  dye 
boiling,  and  you  will  have  a  fij^  scarlet. 


25th.  CRTMSOT^  RED. 
TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  of 
^  pound  of  allum,  three  quai'ters  of  a  pound  of  cream 


Dtxr's  comfaniok>  33 

of  tartar,  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  argal  ;, 
pulverise  these  and  mix  them  together  ;  fill  your 
eopper  with  fair  water,  lieat  boiling  hot,  and  add 
Uiis  compound  ;  stir  and  mix  it  well  with  the  boil-' 
ing  water  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  boiling  ; 
then  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  ;  fill  with  fair 
water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  take  half  a  pound  of 
cochineal,  and  half  a  pound  of  cream  of  tartar,  mix- 
ed and  pulverised  together;  then  add  one  half  of  the 
cochineal  and  tartar ;  run  your  cloth  three  quarters 
of  an  hour  with  the  dye  boiling  ;  then  air  and  add 
of  this  compound  by  little  and  little,  with  your  dye 
boiling,  till  the  colour  is  well  raisetlon  the  red  ;  then 
take  half  a  pound  of  the  spirits  of  sal  armoniac,  and 
run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  and  this 
will  give  it  the  crimson  hue.  This  is  a  true  crim-, 
son,  and  permanent.  i 


%&th,  FOR  CRIMSOJ/  RED, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  take  three  quarters  of 
a  pound  of  fustick,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  Tarme- 
rick,  five  ounces  of  aqua  fortis,  fill  your  copper  with 
water,  add  this,  and  boil  well,  till  the  strength  'i% 
well  out ;  run  your  cloth  one  and  an  half  hours  with 
your  dye  boiling  ;  then  air,  rince,  and  shift  your  li- 
quor from  your  copper,  and  wash  clean  :  fill  with 
fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  take  fbur  and  an- 


34  oyer's  cosiPAMloir. 

half  ounces  of  cochineal,  8c  four  and  Mthalf  (junces  of 
cream  of  tartar,  pulverised  togethev  ;  add  this  W 
the  water,  ■w'ith  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  aqua  fortis, 
and  three  ounces  of  tarmeriek,  in  which  boil  and 
handle  your  cloth,  run  one  hour,  then  take  half  a 
pound  of  spirits  of  sal  armoniac,  or  good  old  sig,  to 
bioom  with  ;  in  this  handle,  v»'ith  the  dye  boiling,  till 
your  colour  pleases. 


ilth.  FOR  RED  WITH  RED-WOOD  OR  ^YI- 
CJRAGUJ. 
TO  tvrenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  take  ten  pounds  of 
red-wood  or  Nicaragua  chips,  and  boirmoderately 
in  good  clean  water  one  hour  ;  then  add  one  poiuid 
df  allum,  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes,  then  air 
and  let  the  dye  steep  in  the  same  manner  as  it 
did  before  ;  and  run  again,  adding  a  little  alluna 
every  time  you  dip  ;  and  manage  in  this  form  till 
your  colour  suits  your  fancy.  Red-wood  or  Nicara- 
gua raay  be  mixt  together  or  used  separately,  just 
aifr  the  dyer  thinks  fit  and  proper.  I  commonly  use 
both  toq:ether. 


28.'A.  CRIMSO.y  RED   WIT/I  RED-WOOD. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
red  wood,  boil  >^'eil,  but  not  fasi.,  one  hour,  then  add 


»YlfR's    COMPANIOK.  35 

half  a  ppund  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  three  quar- 
ters of  an  hour,  air  and  let  the  dye  simmer  in  the 
same  manner  as  before- ;  add  a  little  allum  and  run 
your  cloth,  and  manage  in  this  form  till  the  strength 
is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  half  a  pound  of 
pearl-ash,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

The  dyes  for  red,  that  are  made  of  red-wood 
and  Nicaragua,  raust  not  be  hurried  and  drove,  ror 
crov/ded  too  full,  because  it  "vrill  destroy  the  lustre 
of  the  red,  and  the  colour  will  be  dull.  It  is  neces- 
sary the  copper  and  all  the  utensils  should  be  clean, 


i9t/i.  FOR  RED,  WITH  MADDER. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  peck  of  wheat 
bran,  boil  it  in  a  small  kettle  with  eight  gallons  of 
■water,  one  hour  ;  then  fill  your  copper  with  water, 
boiling  hot  ;  then  add  the  liquor  of  the  bran,  and 
three  and  an  half  pounds  of  allum,  one  pound  of  red 
argal,  boil  and  run  your  cloth,  (being  well  scoured 
and  clean)  one  and  an  half  hours,  boiling  ;  then  air 
and  rince  your  cloth,  and  shift  the  liquor  from  your 
copper  ;  fill  with  fair  water,  then  add  eight  pounds 
of  madder  that  is  g©od,  and  heat  moderately,  with 
constant  stirring,  till  near  scalding  hot  ;  run  your 
cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour  with  a  moderate  fire, 
then  increase  your  fire,  and  bring  it  nesir  a  boiling 


X-: 


S6  bter's  cowpaitiotj. 

heat,  but  not  l^oilina^r  the  madder  must  not  boil, 

jf  you  '^'^ffl^l^aB*  §'"®'^  ^'^^  '  "^'^^'^ ''""  y°"^ 

sn^rWtil  the  strength  is  well  out 
,  nWThe  colour  well  raised  on  thp 
led  ;  thfiVfchi^,) u'Ji*  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
>\ii:i  u  ler;  and  add  two  and  lui  half  pounds  of  the 
l>ebL  Bi  azih  boil  well  one  hour,  and  add  three  quar- 
ters of  a  pound  of  allum  and  run  your  cloth  till  youf 
coloui  suits,  boiling  between  each  dipping  ;  and  thi^ 
tyill  produce  a  good  red. 

This  colour  may  be  finished  in  the  madder  dye 

without  shifting  the  dye,  by  adding  two  gallons  of 

lant  or  sig.     After  the  colour  is  well  raised  in  the 

madder,  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  and  it  will 

answer, 

'    • . "  ','  ■■•' « ■ 
The  best  is  with  Brazil,  but  it  is  more  lengthy, 

and  the  Twlou.r  is  brighter  than  with  the  sig  ;  so  I 

leave  it  to  the  discretion  of  the  dyer. 

ZOtk.  FOR  MERROOjV  RED. 

.  TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  wet  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve 
hours,  and  sour;  put  it  in  a  bag,  fill  your  copper 
.urith  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  and  boil  ti>e  pudding 
two  hour^  i  then  take  it  out  and  let  it  drain ;  squeeze 


fetKIt*S  COMPAMIdlf.  S? 

«s  ^ry  as  you  can  convenie^tteij^flien  add  one  and 
an  half  pounds  of  allum,  ^i0i.  halT  a  powid,  of  rert  • 
argal  matle  fine,  run  your  ckith  one  hcrur  boilings 
«ir  and  let  it  lie  all  night  and  souf*|Jiph  rince  your 
cloth,  shift  your  liquor  from  your  ^pper,'"fttic!  fill  it 
irith  fair  water  ;  when  warm,  add  ten  poim^s  of 
good  raadder  and  four  quarts  of  wheat  bran,  con- 
stantly stirring  until  it  is  near  boiling,  but  not 
boiling,  for  madder  must  not  l^il  ;  run  your  cloth 
and  manage  in  this  manner  till  the  strength  is  well 
©ut  of  the  dye,  and  the  red  well  raised,  then  add 
one  gallon  of  lant  or  sig,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

tut.  POR POLISHED  RED  XVlTit MADDER, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  teke  tliree  and  an  half 
pounds  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  put  them  in  the  cop^ 
per,  and  fill  the  copper  about  half  full  of  water,  put 
the  galls  in,  let  it  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out } 
then  fill  the  copper  with  cold  water  ;  see  that  your 
dye  is  not  hotter  than  scalding  hot ;  then  add  five, 
$ix,  or  seven  pounds  of  the.  best  madder,  in  pro* 
portion  to  the  shade  required  ;  let  it  simmer  witk 
a  small  fire  one  hour,  with  frequent  stirring  ;  thea 
run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air  and  run  again 
with  the  heat  increasing  ;  run  till  the  strength  it 
"Well  out  of  the  dye,  and  the  colour  well  raised  ca 

D 


♦8  btek's  compakion. 

the  red.  The  dye  must  steep  between  each  dip* 
ping,  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  with  the  heat  in- 
creasing, but  not  boiling,  for  it  will  destroy  the 
substance  ef  the  madder  to  let  it  boil.  If  your  co- 
lour is  not  dark  enough,  add  a  Jittle  pot-ashts  or 
pearl-ashes,  and  handle  till  your  coloMr  pleases  } 
fiHd  you  ^yill  have  a  fine  polished  rec^, 


-4" 


32rf.  FOR  PORTABLE  RED, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of  fus» 
tick,  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  allum,  fill 
your  copper  with  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  run  your 
cloth,  after  the  strength  is  out  of  the  fustick,  run 
three  quarters  pf  ?in  hour  ;  shift  your  copper,  fill 
with  fair  water,  and  then  add  six  pounds  of  red- 
wood, let  it  boil  moderately  one  hour,  then  add 
three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth 
40  minutes  ;  then  air,  and  let  the  dye  simmer  one 
and  an  half  hours,  and  run  your  cloth  as  before ; 
then  afir  and  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  one  and  an 
half  ounces  of  cochineal,  and  three  ounces  of  aqua 
fortis  ;  run  again  with  the  dye  boiling,  40  minutes  ; 
to  bloom,  take  six  or  eight  ounces  of  spirits  of  sal 
armoniac,  or  good  old  big  ;  and  your  cloth  will  be  • 
good  colour  by  handling  in  this  half  an  hour. 


fttKK'S    COMPANIOK.  ti 

S3rf.  FOR  CLARET  RED. 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  tAVo  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  fill  your  copper  with  water,  boil  well, 
then  add  one  pound  of  allum,  boil,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour  boiling,  then  air,  rince,  and  shift  youf 
copper  ;  fill  with  fair  water,  add  eight  pounds  of 
red-wood,  boil  well,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  allum ; 
run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  air,  let  the  dye  steep' 
one  hour,  and  run  again,  adding  a  little  allum  \ 
manage  in  this  manner  until  the  strength  is  well  out 
of  the  dye,  and  the  colour  well  raised  on  the  red  ; 
then  add  two  ounces  of  aqua  fortis,  killed  with  pew« 
ter  or  block  tin,  as  described  in  receipt  18th,  run 
your  cloth  thirty  minutes  with  the  dye  boiling  ;  then 
add  two  gallons  of  sig  to  bloom,  handle  till  your  co- 
lour pleases,  and  you  will  hav'e  a  fine  claret  red. 

Uth.  FOR  CLARET. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  twelve  poundd 
of  barwood,  boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lum, run  your  cloth  until  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye,  about  thirty  minutes  to  a  dipping,  boiling 
between  each  dipping  as  much  as  is  necessary  to 
get  the  strength  out  of  the  barwood  :  when  the  co- 
lour Is  well  raised  on  the  red,  then  add  a  quarter  of 
a  pound  of  logwood,  and  a  quarter  ®f  a  pound  «jf 


4*  btea's  «ompakiok. 

copperas  mixed  together,  and  handle  until  your  co- 
Jour  pleases. 

• '^ ' 

55/A.  FOR  MJDDER  RED  TO  BE  DYED  4 
CLARET. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of 
logwood,  fill  with  fair  water,  boil  well,  run  your 
cloth,  and  sadden  with  copperas  until  your  colour' 
pleases. 

4? — * 


S6M.  FOR    SCARLET   TO    BE  DYED  CLA- 
RET OR  A.YY  DARK  COLOUR. 

To  colour  twenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  fill  your  cop- 
per with  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  one  pound 
of  copperas  ;  nm  your  cloth,  air,  and  run  it  again  ; 
then  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper,  rince  it, 
?nd  fill  with  water ;  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds 
of  logwood,  boil  well  twenty  minutes,  then  run  your 
cloth  till  your  colour  pleases  ;  and  you  will  have  a ' 
fine  claret  that  is  durable. 

This  is  the  only  way  that  scarlet  can  be  colourad 
a  darker  colour.  By  running  it  in  the  copperas  wa- 
ter first,  you  may  dye  it  almost  any  dark  colour  you 
phase  \  for  the  copperas  will  destioy  all  tlie  acidous 


IDYEU'S    COMPANION,  41 

power  that  the  scarlet  is  made  by  and  depends  up* 
on  ;  but  until  the  power  of  the  acid  is  deslroyedt 
you  cannot  strike  any  colour  through,  so  but  that  it 
"will  remain  red  in  the  middle  of  the  cloth. 

I  have  coloured  scarlet  black  completely  through, 
and  almost  all  other  dark  colours,  by  the  help  of 
copperas. 


t7tlu  FOR  CHERRY  COLOUR. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  seven  and  an  half 
pounds  of  Barwood,  boil  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of. 
a  pound  of  allam  :  then  run  your  cloih  one  hour  : 
au'  and  add  two  pounds  of  Brazil,  and  boil  till  the 
strength  is  well  out ;  run  your  cloth  again  as  before 
till  the  colour  is  well  raised  on  the  red,  then  add  two 
quarts  of  sig  or  lant,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


38;A,  FOR  VIOLET  COLOURS. 

'  TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
Brazil,  and  one  and  a  quarter  pounds  of  log-wood  ; 
boil  well,  and  add  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  al- 
lumj  then  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air,  and 

Da 


4S  OYE&'S    COMPANIOK. 

let  it  steep  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then  nia 
again  as  before,  then  add  tiifee  quarts  of  lant  or  sig, 
with  the  dye  liot  and  well  naxcd  together  ;  run  your 
cloth,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

Twenty  shades  of  violet  colour  may  be  produced, 
by  varying  the  lo^vood  and  braziilctto.  The  fur- 
ther management  of  this  dye,  I  have  left  to  the  fan- 
cy of  the  dyer,  for  the  colour  Avill  be  beautiful,  al- 
most equal  to  cochineal  and  indigo. 

You  may  use  peach-wood  in  part,  instead  of  all 
brazilletto,  if  you  like.  It  will  be  less  expensive 
than  all  brazilletto  ;  but  this  I  leave  to  your  own 
choice. 


"h- 


^9ih.  FOR  FIJVJC  COLOUR. 

For  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  fill  your  copper  with 
feir  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  two  pounds  of 
allum,  and  one  pound  of  argal  ;  in  this  boil  and  run 
your  cloth  oxxe.  hour,  then  aiv,  rince  and  shift  your 
copper  ;  fill  with  water,  and  sdd  two  pounds  of 
l»adder.  L«t  it  heat  moderately,  with  often  stir- 
ring, till  near  boiling  hot,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  { 
^)d  you  will  have  a  good  colour  of  the  liiad* 


DTER  S   COMPANIOK.  -It. 

AOth.  FOR  FLESH  COLOUR, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  and  an  half 
bushels  of  black  birch,  and  half  a  bushel  of  hemlock 
bark,  boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then 
add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  and  handle,  and  you  will  have  a  good  co« 
lour  of  the  kind. 

^ 

4I*r.  FOR  ORJAGE  COLOUR. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  -of 
fustick  chips,  3  ounces  of  argal,  and  half  a  pound  of 
allum,  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  fus- 
tick, then  run  your  cioth,  with  tlie  dye  boiling,  one 
hour  ;  then  air,  rioce,  and  shift  the  llciuor  from 
your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  v/ater  j  then  add  two 
and  three  quarters  pounds  of  red-wood,  two  and 
three  quartei's  pounds  of  madder,  three  quarters  of 
^  pound  of  allumj  and  two  ounces  of  aqua  fortia  ;, 
let  it  boil  moderately,  with  often  stirring,  till  the 
strength  is  well  out;  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour; 
then  axid  one  and  an  half  ounces  of  arsenick,  and 
h^alf  an  ounce  of  cochineal,  and  this  will  bind  the  co- 
lour. In  this  run  and  handle  till  your  coio^ff 
ipleasesi 


■♦4  DYfitl's   C0MPA3*I0T/. 

42c/,  FOR  ORAJYGE. 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eiii;ht  pounds  of 
fustick,  and  four  pounds  of  red-wood,  and  boil  well ; 
then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty or  forty  minutes,  then  air,  and  let  the  dye  steep 
a  wiiile,  then  run  again  till  the  strength  is  well  out 
of  the  dye  ;  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig  to  bind  ;  and 
handle  till  your  colour  suits. 

4* ■ 

43f/.  2^0 R  BROIVjY. 

TO  twenty  yards  uf  cloth,  take  two  bushels  of 
butternut  bark,  fill  with  water,  heat  moderately, 
let  it  steep,  (but  not  boiling)  till  the  strength  is  well 
out  of  1  lie  bark  ;  then  run  your  cloth  three  quarters 
t/f  an  hour  4  and  air  and  run  again  with  the  dye  hot, 
but  not  boiling,  (for  ly.iUng  the  bark  dcatroys  part 
of  the  lustre  of  the  colour  which  the  bark  gives)  but 
run  in  this  nuinncr  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye,  then  air  and  take  the  bark  out  of  your  dye  ; ' 
then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  copperas  and  two 
quarts  of  sig,  and  mix  the  dye  well  together  ;  run 
your  cloth  with  your  dye  boiling  fifteen  or  twenty 
Thinutes,  and  handle  in  this  manner  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

Various  shades  may  be  produced  in  this  dycj,  bjj' 


dter's  covfKmos,  4i 

▼arying  the  bark  and  copperas  ;  sometimes  i-noro 
of  one  sort,  and  sometimes  less  ;  and  thus  by 
changing  the  order  of  them,  different  shades  will 
appear.-  Dry  bark  and  f^veen  will  make  a  different 
shade  ;  boiling  Jind  not  boiling  will  have  the  same 
effect.  ^  Thu»  I  lefXy«  it  to  the  discretion  of  the  dy- 
er, to  vary  them  as  he  or  she  pleases,  to  aiiawer 
tJie  shade  or  -^iiades  reciuired. 

FOU   LO.YDO.Y  JiJROWJV  OR    CORBEAU 
'    ...-   .,         WITH  CJMWOOD. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  taice  five  pounds  of 
good  ground  camv/ood,  fill  your  copper  with  fair 
water,  heat  boiling  hot,  let  your  camwood  boil  a- 
few  m'nutesj  tlien  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes; 
air  and  run  again  in  the  same  manner  as  before  ; 
air  and  add  ho.If  an  ounce  of  blue  vitriol,  and  a  quar- 
ter of  pound  of  oil  of  vitriol,*  boil  well  five  or  si3t 
minutes,  then  run  your  cloth  twenty  or  thirty  min» 


*  When  oil  of  vitriol  is  applied  to  any  hot  liquor, 
you  must  before  you  put  it  in  the  dye,  put  seven 
eighths  of  cold  water  to  it,  and  then  it  will  heat  near 
boiling  hot  with  the  cold  water  ;  but  if  you  put  m 
otherwise,  it  will  make  the  hot  liquor  fly  in  a  shock- 
ing manner,  and  the  dj«f  wiU  be  in  danger  of  be« 
ing  scalded. 


4(1  ftYER*S   COMPANXOK. 

utes  more  ;  then  take  one  pound  of  copperas  di»» 
solved  in  vinegar  hy  constant  stirring  on  the  fire, 
(but  be  sure  and  not  let  it  boil,  for  it  ■«":il  spoil  the 
dye)  then  add  the  copperas  by  hide  and  little,  the 
dye  boihng,  and  run  a?  before,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  plcasss.  If  it  is  not  dark  enough  for  the  cor- 
beau.  take  two  ounces  of  verdigrease  made  fine,  and 
dissolved  in  sig  or  vinegar  on  the  fire,  by  often  stir- 
ring, as  described  in  receipt  4th  ;  add  this  with 
one  pound  of  logwood  chips  ;  boil  wcii,  and  handle 
in  this  manner  till  your  colour  suits,  F-OT^ietimes 
it  is  required  to  be  very  dark,  then  these  darkening 
matei-Jals  must  be  applied  according  to  the  judg- 
ment of  the  dyer,  kc, 

^5th.  FOR  LO.YDOA" BROJVA^ OB  CORBEAU, 
WITH  XICARAGUA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  e  ight  pounds  of 
Nicaragua,  and  half  a  pound  of  fusiick  ;  boil  well, 
and  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  till 
the  strength  is  wel!  out  of  the  dye,  and  the  colour 
VftW  raised  on  the  red,  then  add  half  an  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  and  half  a  gill  of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  four 
quarts  of  sig,  run  your  cloth  30  minutes  ;  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  logwood,  boil  well,  add  one  ounce  of 
verdigrease,  pulverised  and  dissolved,  as  in  receipt 
2So.  4,  run  your  clotli  tweiuy  minutes  i  then  ad^ 


iter's  comfaniok.  47 

copperas  by  litlle  and  little  to  sadden  ;  and  handle 
iill  your  colour  pleases. 


■4'- 


46rA.   LOJ^DON'  BROWA    OR   CORBEAU 
WITH  RED' no OD, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
fastick  chips,  tjpil  well,  and  add  one  pound  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  cloth  boiling  three  quarters  of  an 
hour  ;  air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  copper,  then 
fill  with  water,  and  add  ten  pounds  of  red-wood  " 
chips  ;  let  it  boil  moderately  one  hour  ;  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes, 
air,  and  let  the  dye  steep  one  hour,  and  run  again 
as  before  ;  and  handle  in  this  manner  till  you  have  a 
good  red  ;  (you  must  be  cautious  not  to  drive  the 
dye  too  fast,  and  add  a  little  allum  now  and  then  if 
necessary)  and  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the 
dye:  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig  or  urine,  run  your 
cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of 
rerdigrease  made  fine  and  dissolved  in  one  pint  of 
Tinegar,  as  described  before,  and  handle  till  your  cor 
.lour  pleases. 


48  UTEH'S   COMPAHIO*. 

A7th.  LO.YDO.y  BROW^. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  |x)unds  oF 
fustick  and  seven  pounds  of  red- wood  chips,  boil 
moderately  one  hour,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
luni,  run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour, 
then  slacken  the  heat  of  your  dye,  and  add  three 
pounds  of  madder  ;  let  it  stand  and  sirnmer  with  of- 
ten stirring  hgjf  an  hour,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
and  if  the  strength  is  not  out  of  the  dye,  run  again. 
The  cloth  must  be  a  good  red  befoi-e  you  sadden  j 
4:hcn  add  copperas  to-sadden  with  by  little  and  little, 
till  vour  colour  suits. 


48/A.  FOE  LG.VI>OJ^ BROWM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boiT  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of 
allum  ;  then  run  yeuf  cloth  one  hour  boiling,  then 
air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  copper,  and  fill  with 
imr  water  ;  then  add  six  pounds  of  red-wood  chips, 
boil  well,  a^d  lialf  a  pound  of  allum,  run  yourclo(l» 
one  hour,  then  add  one  and  an  Ivilf  pouiKls  of  mad- 
der, let  it  simmer  half  an  hour,  then  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  add  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of 
logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  gallons  of 
eig  ;  then  run  your  cloth  and  handle  till  youi*  C0» 
lour  pleases. 


A9tb,  FOR  REDDISH  BROWJV. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  takb  one  and  anlialf 
pounds  of  fustick,  boH  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  allum,  in  which  run  your  clolh  one  hour, 
boiling  ;  air  and  rince  your  cloth,  shift  your  liquor 
from  your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  water,  then  add 
iiine  pounds  of  j-cd-wood  ;  let  it  boll  well,  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then 
add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  pearl-ashes  and  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  yourcloth  half  an  hour, 
and  this  will  be  a  good  red  ;  then  add  one  ounce  of 
arsenick  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  argal ;  run  your 
cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  then  add  two  g-al- 
lons  of  good  old  sig,  and  handle  till  youi*  colour 
pleases,  aad  you  will  have  a  fine  colour. 


50.'//.  FOR  SPJJ^ISH  BROJVjV. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  bushel  'of* 
butternut  bark,  and  one  bushel  of  walnut  bark,  hmV 
well,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  take  the  bark' 
out  of  the  dye,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  copperas  ; 
i-un  your  cloth  forty  minutes  ;  then  air  and  rincc, 
and  shift  ydiir  li(]iTor  from  your  copper  ;  fill  with 
fair  water,  aitd  iidd  two'  pounds  of  fustick  chips  ;' 
boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  rnnwyom* 
cloth  one  hour,  and  air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  U- 


id  »YEU's    COMPANIOW. 

quor  from  your  copper,  fill  with  fair  water,  and  add 
qght  pounds  of  red-wood  ;  boil  well  and  add  half 
a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then 
add  two  ounces  of  oil  of  vitriol,  killed  with  the  flow- 
er of  brimstone  ;  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour; 
then  add  half  a  pound  of  logwood,  and  boil  well, 
then  add  two  gallons  of  good  old  sig  ;  aiid  handle 
tjU  your  colour  pleases. 


51»^  FOR  LOjVDOA'  smoke. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
ftistick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one 
and  an  half  bushels  of  good  butternut  bark,  boil  mor 
derately  till  the  strength  is  well  t»ut,  then  run  your 
clt)th  one  hour  with  the  dye  hot ;  then  if  the  strength 
is  well  out  of  the  dye,  take  the  bark  and  chips  out  of 
the  dye,  and  add  three  pounds  of  Nicaragua  wood, 
or  red-wood,  and  one  and  an  half  pounds  oi  logwood 
chips,  boil  well  thirty  minutes  ;  then  ru»  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  run  twenty 
minutes  with  the  dye  boiling,  then  add  one  and  aij 
half  or  two  pounds  of  copperas,  and  run  to  your 
liking  ;  and  this  will  be  a  colour  equal  to  a  bluefoB 
strength,  8cc. 


dyer's  companion.  51 

52d.  CI^jYJMOA  BROjrM 

f  O  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
fiistick,  and  three  pounds  of  red-wood  chips,  or  Ni- 
caragua, boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum  ; 
tun  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  slack  the  heat  of  yoilr 
dye,  and  add  four  pounds  of  good  maddei'  ;  let  5t 
simmer  half  an  hour  ;  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lum, run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  add  two  ounc- 
es of  copperas,  and  two  gallons  of  sig  ;  and  handl* 
^ith  the  dye  hot,  till  your  colour'  pleases. 


iSf/.  FOR  SMOKE  BROWjY. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  fus* 
lick  chips,  and  three  pounds  of  ground  camwood, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out }  then  nm 
your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  three  and  aa  half 
pounds  of  coarse  ma^lder  ;  let  it  simmer  twenty 
minutes  ;  then  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour  ;  then 
add  half  a  pound  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your 
•olour  pleases. 


S4lh.  FOR  LIFER  BROWjV, 

TO  twenty  yards   of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,and  two  pounds  of  red-wood  chips,boj| 


^3  DYEn's    COMPAXION. 

well  one  hour,  and  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes  ; 
then  add  four  pounds  of  mull,  or  coarse  niadder.and 
Iv/o  quarts  of  rotton  wood  of  oak,  boil  moderately, 
and  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  add  aU  or  eijjht 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  coloiu* 
pleases. 


SSth.  FOR  OLIVE  BROWX, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil -well,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
then  add  one  bushel  ef  butternut  bark  ;  boil  well, 
but  moderately,  one  hovir  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one 
hovu',  or  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ; 
then  trJ^e  the  bark  and  chips  out  of  the  dye,  and  add 
six  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pluses. 


5C.'/i.  FOii'dLirJEBROUVy'. 

TO  tv.'enty  ysrdri  of  cloth,  take  si:;  pounds  of  fus- 
tic chips,  and  one  pound lofMgwood,  boil  well,  and 
run  your  gbth  harf-siJ,haur  {  ^htnadd  one  pound  of 
m:  '  '  it  siTTimer  half  an  hour,  then  run  your 

Ho  "re  ;  thin  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 

ibymick  ov.biucia^>-s>tir  and  mix  it  well  with  the 


J)YER*S    COMPANION.  53 

tlyc)  and  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  th^n  add 
one  and  an  half  pounds  of  logwood,  and  one  gallon 
of  sig  ;  run  your  cloth  as  before,  add  six  ounces  of 
copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases* 


srth.  FOR  OLIVE  BROWjW 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  seven  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  logwood, 
and  half  a  pound  of  madder  ;  boil  well  one  hour, 
then  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  half  a  pound 
of  chymick  or  blueing,  and  run  your  cloth  twenty- 
minutes  ;  then  add  two  quarts  of  sig,  and  run  again 
as  before  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


5Sr^.  FOR  A  LIGHT  SJ^UFF  BROWjY. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  four  pound*  of  redwood  or  Nica- 
ragua ;  boil  Avell  an  hour  and  a  half,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  thirty 
minutes,  then  air  and  run  again  till  the  strength  is 
well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  run 
your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  take  one  peck  of  soot 
scraped  from  the  chimney,  put  it  into  a  tub,  and  put 
E    2 


Si  dyer's    COM?ANlOfr. 

t^vo  pails  full  of  your  dye  to  it ;  stiv  it  well  to.^ether, 
and  let  it  stand  and  settle  ;  then  pour  off  the  liquor 
moderately,  and  add  it  to  your  dye  ;  run  your  cloth, 
und  handle  till  your  colour  suits,  j 

59rh.  FOR  SjYUFF  BROJVJV, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
fuslick  cliips,  and  boil  well ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  allum,  and  run  your  cloth  half  an  h®ur  ; 
add  five  pounds  of  redwood,  boil  -tvell,  and  then  add 
half  a  jxjund  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  as  before  till 
the  strength  is  well  out  of  your  dye,  then  addaquar- 
ter  of  a  poiwid:  of  argal,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
ple^ises. 

:60t/i.  FOR  DARK  SXUFF  BROIVX. 

TO' twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  fus- 
tick  chips,  and  boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a' 
l?ound  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add 
two  pounds  of  ground  camwood,  and  one  and  aa 
half  pounds  of  madder,  and  let  it  simmer  half  an 
hour  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  half  a 
pound  of  copperas,  or  more,  if  the  colour  is  not  dark 
enough  j  aad  iiandle  till  your  colour  pleases% 


bter's  companion.  5S 

Gist.  FOR  S!^UFF  SROWJ\, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  o^ 
u  bushel  of  butternut  bark,  and  three  quarters  of  a 
bushel  of  walnut  bark,  boil  well  one  hour,  but  mo- 
derately ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  if  the 
strength  is  well  out  of  the  bark  and  dye,  take  the 
bark  out  of  the  dye,  and  add  one  pound  of  copperas 
to  sadden  with  ;  run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of 
an  hour,  air  ami  rince  your  cloth  and  shift  your  li- 
quor from  your  copper,  wash  clean  and  fill  with  fair 
water  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
well,  and  then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  your 
cloth  half  an  hour  ;  then  add  five  pounds  of  redwood 
chips,  boil  one  hour,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound' 
of  alluni  ;  run  your  cloth  ihree  quarters  of  an  hour ; 
Itt  it  steep,  and  run,  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye.  To  sadden,  take  one  gallon  of  sig,  and 
handle,  Sec. 

62c/.  FOR  SAUFF  BROTFA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cl<Jth,  take  one  pound  of  al- 
lum, boil,  and  rua  your  cloth  one  hourj  then  shift 
your  liquor  from  your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  then  add  five  pounds  of  fustick,  boil  well  till 
the  strength  is  well  out,  then  run  your  cloth  thirty 
winutes.j  then  add  one  busliel  of  Jjuttcrnut  badc; 


£5  DTEli's   COMFAKIOJr. 

and  five  pounds  of  sumac  berries,  boil  raoderately 
one  hour,  and  then  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes  j 
then  add  six  ounces  of  aqua  fortisj  killed  with  pew- 
ter, as  described  before  in  receipt  No.  1 8  ;  run  your 
cloth  \Tith  the  dye  boiling  one  hour,  and  the  colour 
will  be  done. 


6Zd.  POR  SJ\iUFF  BROWA, 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then  add 
four  pounds  of  redwood  chips  or  two  pounds  of 
gi'ound  camwood  ;  boil  well,  and  run  your  cloth  till 
the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  one 
gallon  of  sig,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  logwood,  and 
an  ounce  of  verdigrease,  prepared  as  in  receipt  4th  ; 
boil  well,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes,  then  add 
two  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  coloiu* 
pleases* 


64?A.  FOR  SAUFF  BROW  A, 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  and  an  half 
pounds  of  fustick  chips,  four  pounds  of  coarse  mad- 
der, and  three  quavtei's  of  a  pound  of  Iog>vood  > 


y^ 


1toYEU*S    COMPANION-.  ^^ 

boil  Well  till  the  strength  is  well  o'titbf  the  dye-wood, 
.but  not  fast  ;  or  the  madder  may  be  omitted  till  the 
strength  is  boiled  out  of  the  logwood  and  fastick,  and 
then  let  it  simmer  a  short  timcl  then  add  six  oun» 
ces  of  ahum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  air,  and  run 
again,  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then 
add  half  a  pound  of  copperas  to  sadden,  or  more  if 
it  is  not  dark  enough;  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


■ t^  •>'• .«» 

65//i.  FOR  JDJT-WIJVG  BROWA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  and  an  half 
pounds  of  fustick,  and  four  pounds  of  good  logwood, 
boil,  well,  and  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds  of 
good  madder,  and  six  ounces  pf  ahum  ;  let  it  sim- 
mer half  an  hour,  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ; 
tvdd  eight  or  ten  ounces  of  copperas,' aftd  ofie'quar^ 
of  lant,  then  rim  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

•  If  you  wish  to  alter  the  shade  of  this  coloiir,  you 
may  add  five  or  six  pounds  of  logwood,  and  less  fus- 
tic, and  you  may  have  the  colour  to  suit  your 
iancy, 


^B  Iter's  comfaxiok. 

Uth,  FOR  SLATE  BROVV.Y. 

To  twenty  yards  ©f  cloth,  take  one  bushel  of  but- 
ternut bark,  boil  well  and  run  yoftreloth  ene  hour; 
then  take  out  the  bark,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  cop- 
peras ;  run  twenty  minutes,  air,  and  run  again,  and 
4dd  more  copperas  if  it  is  not  dark  enough  ;  for  it 
requires  to  be  very  dark.  When  dark  enough,  shift 
yc^m*  copper,  scour  clean,  and  rince  your  cloth; 
fill  with  fair  water,  heat  hot,  then  add  three  ©uncei 
of  compound  or  blueing  ;  run  your  cloth  twenty  mi- 
nuteS)  air,  and  if  your  colour  is  not  blue  enough, 
add  a  little  more  bhteing  ;  an4  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  and  the  colour  grotvs  lighter,  then  add  four 
or  six  ounces  of  legwood,  and  one  ©unee  of  blue  vit-^ 
riol  ;  and  handle  till  it  suits  your  fancy. 


Vrth.  FOR  DOVE  OR  LEAD  BROfFA, 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  half  a  pound  of 
chesnut  or  maple  bark,  and  two  ounces  of  logwood, 
boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of  copperas,  and  a 
little  compound  or  blueing,  (say  half  an  <5uncc)  and 
«tir  your  dye  well  together  ;  run  your  cloth  twenty 
wiinutes  ;  then  if  you  find  your  colour  wants  alter- 
ing, it  may  be  done  by  varying  thus  ; — If  it  is  not 
dark  enough,  add  a  little  more  copperas — if  not 
kluc  enough,  add  a  Uttleraore  blueing — if  not  bright 


«T£R'3   COMPANI*ir.  99 

enough,  add  a  little  more  logwoed  ;  run  again,  and 
if  it  require*  nothing,  your  colour  will  be  finished) 
$ilk  may  be  dyed  iu  this. 


-4^ 


68rA,  J^OR  PEARL  OR  SILVER  GREY, 

TO  twenty  yarda  of  cloth,  take  four  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  put  it  in  a  bag,  and  fill  your  copper 
with  fair  water,  and  boil  the  pudding  an  hour  amI'Jv 
half  ;  then  take  it  out,  let  it  drain,  and  squeeze  it  as 
^ry  as  you  can  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  allum,  let 
it  boil,  and  skim  off  the  scum  that  will  rise,  then  fun 
your  cloth  one  hour  ;  add  four  pounds  of  logwood 
chips,  put  them  in  a  bag,  and  boil  well  tjll  the 
strength  is  atcII  out,  theri  take  the  bag  of  logwood 
out  of  the  dye,  if  you  do  not,  it  will  spot  the  cloth  ; 
run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then  add  half  an 
ounce  of  blue  vitriol,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

It  requires  care  wivh  this  colour,  as  well  as  all 
other  light  colours,  that  you  do  not  let  the  cloth 
touch  any  thing  that  will  spot  it,  for  there  is  not 
much,  if  any,  remedy  for  a  light  colour  when  spot'^ 
ted  ;  and  all  light  colours  should  be  dried  with  the 
backside  to  the  sim  }  for  the  sun  is  apt  to  injure  thg 
SOlour.  y 


J&Q  »1Ek's    COMPANIOlf. 

€>9t!u  FOR  J.IGHT  BROIVM 

TO  twenty  yferds  of  cloth,  take  half  a  peck  of 
liemlock  bark,  with  the  sap  taken  off,-  and  two  oun- 
ces of  logwood  chipt>,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  twen» 
ty  minutes,  then  add  two  ounces  of  copperas,  ancl 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

7011U  FOR  AS,H  BROWJ\/, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarts  of 
white  ash  bark,  three  ounces  of  logwood  chips,  boil 
Vfell,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  :  then  add 
three  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


7l«r.    FOR  JQRAB  BROJVA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  a  half  peck  of 
^hesttut  or  mapic  biai"kr  green  or  dry,  two  pounds;  of 
fustick  chips,  and  two  ounces  of  logwood  chips  : 
boil  well,  then  add  one  ounce  of  compound  of  blue- 
ing, run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  :  then  add  two 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  youv  colou* 
pleases^  ; 


DYERS     COMPANIOW.  61 

72d,    FOR  DRAB, 


TAKE  chesnut,  black  birch,  and  yello\r  oak 
bark,  half  a  peck  of  each,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth, 
then  add  theee  ounces  of  copperas  ;  and  handle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 


^ 

rSoT.    FORDRJB. 

TAKE  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  nutrjalls,  made 
fine,  then  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  fustick,  boil 
well,  run  your  cloth ;  then  add  one  half  an  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  two  ounces  of  copperas  ;  run  your  cloth 
fifteen  minutes,  then  add  half  a  jill  of  oil  of  vitriol 
and  one  oimce  of  blueing,  and  stir  it  well  with  the 
dye,  run  your  cloth,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
suits. 

7Mu    FOR  DRAB, 

TAKE  six  ounces  cf  nutgalls,  pulverised,  three 
ounces  of  the  flour  of  brimstone,  four  ounces  of  al- 
lum— .put  them  in  fair  water,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour  ;  then  sadden  with  black  float,  and  handle  till- 
your  colour  suits. 

F 


L-  ByiEll's    COMI'AXIOX. 

75th.     FOli  DRAB. 

TAKE  one  and  an  lialf  pounds  of  fustick,  oiie 
jiound  of  IcM^-ivood,  one  quart  of  rotten  -wood  of  oak, 
Loii  v.clj,  then  add  one  half  pound  of  madder,  and 
f  nir  ounces  of  allum,  boil,  run  your  tiolh  twenty 
lainulcs  ;  tlivn  add  three  ounces  of  copperas  and 
one  quiiri.  of  sig,  and  iiandle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


T.'JLE  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  fustick  cliij->s, 
SIX  ounces  of  logwood,  boil  %vcll  ;  then  add  one 
tjuarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  thirty 
laiiiutes  ;  then  add  three  ounees  of  copperas,  an^ 
liandle  till  y.our  goIouv  pleases. 


mil.    FOR  FOREST  CLOTH. 

TARE  two  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  six  ounces  of 
logwood,  boil  well,  then  add  seven  ounces  of  chym- 
ick,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  add  three 
ounces  of  good  madder,  two  ounces  of  red  tartar, 
made  fir.e — let  it  smimer  fifteen  minutes,  and  run 
your  cloth  twenty  minutes  :  then  add  one  gallon  of 
sig,  or  lar.t,  and  thirty  ounces  of  copperas,  and  han- 
dle till  your  colour  pleases. 


nVEK  S    «OMPAM«V.  63 

rS.'A.    FOR  LIVER  DRJ3, 

TAKE  one  pound  of  fustlck chips,  three  pounds 
of  rotten  wood  of  oak,  three  ounces  of  banvoo<\,  two 
ounces  of  logwood  chips,  one  pound  of  maddei'j 
boil  well,  run  your  cloin  twenty  minutes  ;  then  add 
»ix  ounces  of  filings  of  iron,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
fifteen  minutes  :  then  add  six  ounces  ef  logwood, 
and  five  ounces  ol"  copperus,  and  handle  till  your  co- 
lour pkasts. 


79//;.    FOR  LIGHT  LIVER  DRAS. 

TAKE  two  ounces  of  blue  galls,  one  ounce  cf 
logwood,  two  ounces  of  alluni,  one  ounce  of  cream 
of  tartar,  and  two  ounces  of  madder  :  run  your 
cloth  fifteen  minutes,  then  add  one  ounce  of  coppe- 
ras, and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

— 4^— 

80r/;.     FOR  A  MADDER  DRAB^ 

TAKE  three  pounds  of  good  madder,  onepoun4 
fcffustick,  let  it  simmer  one  hour  ;  then  add  two 
ounces  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  half  an  he  ur  ;  then 
add  one  pound  six  ounces  of  filings-  of  iron,  boil 
well,  nm  your  cloth  :  then  add  three  ourxes  of  leg- 
wood,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


44  dyer's  cesifAyiow. 

8Ut.     FOR  A  GREEX  DRAB. 

TAKE  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  fustlck,  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  logwood  ciiips,  boil  well, 
then  add  hsdf  a  pound  of  allum,  two  ounces  of  blue- 
ing :  mix  it  well  with  the  dye,  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty minutes  ;  tlien  add  one  ounce  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  suits  your  fancy. 

# 

82f/.     FOR  A  REDDISH  DRAB. 

TAKE  three  ounces  of  allum.  lialf  a  pound  of 
fustick,  six  ounces  of  logwood  chips,  two  ounces  of 
madder,  one  and  an  hulf  pints  of  rotten  wood  of 
oak  ;  boil  well  half  an  hour,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  stir,  sadden  with  three  ounces  of  copperas  ; 
and  handle,  till  your  colour  pleases. 

.^ 

tZd.     FOR  REDDISH  DRAB. 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  fustick,  boil 
Well ;  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  poupd  of  allum, 
run  your  cloth,  boiling,  one  hour,  then  air  and  riuce 
and  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper,  fill  with  fair 
water  ;  then  add  three  and  an  half  pounds  of  good 
madder,  two  ounces  of  camwood,  let  it  simmer 
fifteen   minutes   j    then  run   your  cloth   twenty 


DYKU's    COMPANION".  65 

minutes,  then  add  two  ounces  of  filings  of  iron,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

4, . 

84^//.     FOR  LIGHT  DRAB. 

TAKE  five  ounces  of  fustick  chips,  two  ounce* 
of  good  madder,  two  ounces  of  alhini,  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  sadden  with  twen- 
ty oinices  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


4^- 


8 5 /A.     FOR  YELLOW  DRAB. 

TAKE  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  fustick,  two 
ouares  of  madder,  two  ounces  of  logwood,  •  boil 
Well  ;  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum, 
run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  sadden  with  two 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

«  ^th.     FOR  A  YELL 0  W  DRAB,  DARK. 

TAKE  two  pound  of  fustick  chips,  five  ounces 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  five  ounces  of 
madder  and  odc  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run 

Fa 


DYEK  S    eOMPAMOX. 


your  cloth  tliirty  minufes,  then  add  one  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleas- 
es. 


87;/2.     FOR  A  FOREST  FRO  JVA\ 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil  veil  : 
then  add  two  ounces  of  allumjrun  your  cloth  fifteen 
minutes  ;  then  add  two  and  an  half  pounds  of  log- 
v»ood,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then 
sadden  till  your  colour  suits,  v,iih  six  ounces  of 
copperas. 

»      ^   J 

SSt/i.     FOR  A  FlARK  FOREST  FRO  JVJV. 

TAKE  one  and  an  hiUf  pounds  of  logwood,  three 
i;\iiiners  of  a  pound  Qf  red  argal,  and  three  quar- 
ters of  a  pound  of  allum,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  boiling  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  good 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour, 
and  handle  till  jour  colour  pleases. 

f9.'A.    FOR  PARIS  MUD. 

TAKE  your  cloth,  and  dye  it  a  bright  lively 
blu;,  bui  not  Otep  j  tbeii  lince  your  cloth;  and  fill        i 


dyer's  companion.  67 

vouv  copper  with  fair  water  ;  then  add  six  pounds 
of  stcne  ragj  or  the  moss  of  stone,  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  coi> 
peras,  and  one  quart  of  sig,  and  handle  till  youv 
colour  pleases. 

4, 

90th,     FOR  J  RAVL^  COLOUR. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  wet  with  vinegar  ;  let  it  stand  two 
days  and  sour,  then  fill  your  copper  with  fair  watex-, 
put  the  bran  into  a  bag,  boil  well  one  hour  ;  then 
take  out  the  bag  and  let  it  drain,  then  add  one 
pound  of  madder  and  one  pound  of  allum  ;  run 
your  cloth  one  and  an  half  hours,  boiling  :  then  air 
and  fold  it  up  smooth,  and  wrap  it  up  close,  and  let 
it  lie  twenty-four  hours  ;  then  rince,  and  shift  the 
liquor  from  your  copper,  fill  with  fair  water,  then 
add  eight  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the 
strength  is  well  out  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one 
hour  ;  then,  if  you  find  it  necessfiry,  add  more  log- 
wood— if  not,  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
copperas,  and  one  gallon  oi  lant,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 

If  your  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  ysu  may  use  a 
little  ashes,  put  \Yith  sig  j  and  t^e  the  lees  and  put 


€•  bter's  COMPAXJOS. 

in  the  dye,  with  a  little  copperas,  and  run  again.— 
Lye  and  sig  has  the  same  effcict,  and  pot-ash  or 
pearl-ashes. 


9Ut.    FOR  CROn\  WITH  COPPERAS. 

TO  twenty  yards-of  cloth,  take  one  and  an  half 
pounds  of  copperas,  fill  yoi^r  copper  with  water, 
heat  boiling  hot ;  then  run  your  cloth  twenty  min- 
utes, air,  and  run  again  as  before,  then  air  and  rhice 
your  cloth,  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper,  and 
rince,  fill  with  fair  water,  heat,  and  add  four  pounds 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  half  an 
hour,  then  air  and  run  again  as  before  ;  then,  if 
your  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  a'ld  one  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  rvm  again,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

— 4^ — • 

92flf.     For  CRoir,  with  BLUEryrs  CoMPousfa. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth — fill  your  copper  with 
fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  one  pound  of 
blueing,  (made  as  in  receipt  No. 6,  for  Prussian  blue) 
add  this  at  twice  or  three  times,  run  your  cloth 
twenty  minatca  at  a  time,  air   and  stir  the  blueing 


PtEH's   eOMPANIOW.  69 

well  with  the  dye,  before  the  cloth  is  dipped  in  the 
dye  ;  then  add  two  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil 
v/ell,  then  add  one  quart-T  of  a  pcmnd  of  verd.grease 
pulverised  and  dissolved  in  vinegar,  as  in  receipt  no, 
4  ;  then  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  half 
a  pound  of  copperas,  run  again,  air,  and  if  it  is  not 
dark  enough,  add  more  copperas,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  suits  your  fancy. 


§3^,    For  CroWj  wii"!!  S Luz  Vitriol* 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth — Fill  yOTU'  copper 
with  water,  heat  scalding  hot,  take  half  a  pound  of 
blue  vitriol,  let  it  dissolve,  run  your  cloth  forty  mi- 
nutes, ni  two  parts  :  then  add  five  pounds  of  log- 
wood chips,  boil  well,  run  your  eloth  thirty  min- 
utes, air  aiid  run  again,  and  handle  till  your  colour, 
pleases. 

94M.     FOR  BLACK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth — Fill  your  copper 
\Tith  water,  heat,  and  add  two  pounds  of  copperas  ; 
heat  near  boiling,  nm  your  cloth  twenty  minutesj 
then  air  and  run  again,  boiling  the  time  as  before  J 
air  and  rince,  and  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper 


7»  DTER  8    COMPANIO.V. 

(rince  joxiv  copper  ckan)  and  fill  with  water,  and 
acid  SIX  poundsof  logwood  chivs,  boil  well,  run  yciiv 
cloth  thirty  or  f«ity  minutes,  let  it  boil  again  fiftetn 
or  twenty  minutes;  then  run  again  as  before  ;  then 
add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  run  your 
cloth,  boiling,  three  quarters  of  an  hour  ;  then,  if  it 
is  hot  black  enough,  nui  again,  «nd  handle  till  ycul' 
colour  pleasit-s. 

This  is  the  best  form  to  dye  a  black,  I  think,  in 
the  world  ;  it  is  equal  to  any  for  briijhtncss,  and 
without  the  least  danger  of  rotting  the  cloth  ;  and 
the  colour  is  lasting  and  permanent  as  a  blue  or 
scarlet. 

It  is  necessary  to  cleanse  the  colour  or  dye  stuff 
well  out  of  the  cloth,  immediately.  First  rince  in 
fair  water,  then  take  a  tub  cf  warm  Mater,  si>ff.cient 
to  handle,  and  wet  the  befort-mentioned  quantity  of 
cloth  ;  tlien  add  half  a  pint  of  the  liquor  of  beef 
galls,  mix  it  well  with  the  warm  water,  then  handla 
your  cloth  in  this  till  it  is  well  wet,  then  URce  in 
vrator  till  it  is  clean.  This  is  a  sure  remedy  against 
cracking.  The  beef  gall  may  be  used  in  all  cloths, 
in  this  manner,  that  are  liable  to  crack  ;  and  it  will 
pievent  their  cracking,  without  th.e  least  danger  ti" 
injuring  the  colour. 


dyer's  cojirAxiox.  71 

vsifi.   jTOr  black. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  pounds  of 
logwood  chips,  one  and  a  half  pounds  of  sumac,  of 
one  season's  growth,  cut  and  dried  :  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one  ounce  of  blue 
vitjiol,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  nutgalls,  pulveri- 
sed, boil  well,  run  your  cjoth  fifteen  minutes  :  then 
add  one  ounce  of  verdigrease,  pulverised  anddissol^ 
ved.insiger  vinegar,  as  described  in  receipt  No. 4  : 
j'un  your  cloth  fifteen  minutes,  then  add  one  pound, 
of  copperas,  handle,  and  if  it  is  not  black,  then  add 
more  copperas  ;  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases* 


9tth.     FOR  BLACK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  log- 
wood chips,  one  pound  of  dry  elder  bai  k,  one  and  an 
half  pounds  of  sumac,  of  one  season's  growth,  well 
cured  aud  dried,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  fustick, 
boil  well  one  hour,  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
air  and  run  again  as  before  ;  then  air,  add  one  gal- 
lon of  sig,  and  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  copperas, 
run  your  cloth  twenty  mmutes  ;  then,  if  it  is  not 
black,  add  more  copperas,  and  if  it  is  attended  v/ith 
^  rusty  brown,   add  two  pounds   of  common  good 


72  »TEn's    COMPANIOK. 

brown  ashes,   run  your   cloth,  and  handle  till  the 
strength  is  wtll  out  of  the  dye. 

Then,  if  it  is  not  black,  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  copper,  scour  clean,  rince  your  clolh,  fill  yeur 
copper  with  fairvater,  then  add  one  pound  of  log- 
wood chips,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  elder  bark  and 
half  a  i)ound  of argal  ;  then  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  sadden  Avith  copperas,  v,'hat  is  neces- 
sary, and  handle.  But  if  it  continues  of  a  rusty  cast, 
■which  lo^.vood  causes,  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  or 
more  ashes=  that  wliich  is  most  convenient,  and  han« 
die  till  your  colour  pleases. 

N.B.  Silk  may  be  dyed  in  this  dye.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  take  the  same  method  in  cleansing  as  in  re- 
ceipt No.94,  and  all  other  dark  colours  thut  are  lia- 
ble to    rack,i^c. 


97th.    FORBLJCK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  of 
a  pound  of  Hnc  vitriol,  add  to  fair  water,  boil  well, 
run  your  cloth  three  quarters  oi'  an  hour  ;  then  add 
six  pounds  of  logTsrood  chips,  and  one  pound  of  fus- 
tick  chips,  boil  one  hour,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
then  add  two  ounces  of  verdigreascj  pulverised  and 


i 


dyer's  companion,  M 

dissolved  in  vinegar,  as  before  described,  and  one 
gallon  of  sig,  rnn  your  cloth  tv/enty  minutes ;  then 
add  one  pound  of  copperas,  and  handle,  with  the  dye 
boiling,  till  your  colour  plcasest 

*Ith.     FOR  BLACK. 

TO  twency  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  bushel  of  but- 
ternut or  chesnut  bark,  or  both  mixed  together : 
boil  till  the  strengtli  is  well  out,  then  run  your 
cloth  one  hour,  then  sadden  with  copperas  till  it  is 
quite  dark  ;  then  air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  cop- 
per, fill  with  fair  water  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of 
logwood  chips,  half  a  pound  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
well  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  run  your 
cloth  one  hour  ;  air,  and  if  it  is  not  black,  or  near  a 
black,  run  again  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  copperas, 
and  one  gallon  of  sig  ;  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
boiling,  and  handle  till  your  colour  suits  your  faixc)-. 

^ 

The  preceding  Receipts  ^re  calculated  for  twenty 
yards  of  fulled  cloth  ;  but  thin  clotli  may  be  dyed  as 
well  as  thick,  and  all  kinds  of  woollen  goods,  as 
yarn,  wool,  &c.  Silks  may  be  dyed  in  most  of  the 
dyes  before  mentioned  ;  but  the  dye  requires  to  be 

G 


:^'  ]»v«r's  companiox* 

stix)n§.ep  for  silk,  than  for  vrooUcn.      Those   dyes- 
that  -will  not  answer  for  silk,  I  shall  mention  hereMV 


Receipts  for  Cotton  and  Linen, 

COLD  A}iO  HOT. 


^"^tJu      BLUE-^FOR  CQ1"r9Jf^LiyfEi{y   YARNjtjfC. 


T< 


O  n  tub  that  will  hold  thirty-six  pails  of  M'ater, 
tike- twelve  pounds  of  stone-lime,  slack  it,  put  it  in, 
^tiv  it  ten  or  twelve  minutes  ;  then  add  six  pounds 
of  copperas,  dissolved  with  hot  water,  stir  it  as  ber 
fore  ;  then  ?.dd  six  pounds  of  indigo,  ground  fine, 
stir  it  Incessantly  two  hours  ;  for  three  days,  stir  it 
three  or  four  times  in  a  day,  then  let  it  stand  frfteen 
or  twenty  hours  before  the  yarn  is  put  in,  lay  sticks 
across  the  tub,  to  hang  the  yarn  on,  that  it  may  not 
reach  the  bottom  ;  move  the  yarn  round  every  fif* 
teen  minutes.  Six  hours  is /sufficient  for  the  first 
colouring  of  the  dye  ;  as  the  dye  grows  weaker, 
longer  time  is  required :  rince  and  dry  it  in  the 
shade. 


'    1Vhen  the  dye  is  ret^udey,' theit  recnfit  iriiiltin* 
ftei*  and  foi-m  m  in  seit^ttg,  on^  ^lieu  there  ii  a 
gvi^t  p«mity  ef  ettVittii-nt  at  tt»e  bettein,  thuii  the 
(lye  must  b©  dipped  ef,  leaving  ^^^^  ^Bdmiciu  Uuhe 
bottom  5  th&n  throw  Rway.th©  i«;dirogiU,«luft  Uia 
riyebft'jk,  and  if  ihe  tub  is  net  ftiU  enaugh,  tbun  ndd 
more  water,  (rain  water  is  refiulrecl  in  this  dye  i» 
setting  and  recruiting).     Tire  dye  must  not  be 
worked  at  too  goon  after  recruiting,  or  sitting,  and 
it  must  not  be  crowded  too  fvdl  in  coUmrlrfj,  but 
judgment  mu»t  be  uicd  by  the  dyor,  iw. 

TO  r^et  a  tub  of  twelve  gallons,  take  ten  gsUons 
of  good  sig,  to  which  add  thv«e  gillti  of  spirite,  one 
pomul  of  good  indigo,  three  ounce?  of  pearia^hce, 
a  .[uai'ter  of  a  pound  of  good  madder,  and  a  pint  of 
wliyut  bran  ;  put  the  indigo  in  a  bag,  and  rub  it  in 
the  dye  till  the  indigo  is  dissolved,  and  etir  the  dye 
well   togL'thcr   with  the  ingredients  ;  l?t  it   strn-A 
tv,'elve  hours  covered  close  and  kept  AvanH,  and  ma- 
nase  It  in  the  manner  and  form  as  in  receipt  No. 
5,"Vill  the  dye  comes  to  vrork.     After  (he  dye'IiaS 
come  to  work,  ATet  the  yarn  in  hot  water,  Vitfv^a'l^t- 
tle  pearlash  in  it ;  let  it  cool,  then  put  it  in  the  dye 
loose  ;  let  it  lye  iivthe  dye  t^Yclvc  houv..  th-u  wrin- 


t^  dyer's   COKPANIOIf. 

it  out  and  let  it  air  ;  and  if  it  is  not  dark  enough, 
then  put  it  in  again.  There  ought  to  be  something 
at  the  bottom  to  keep  the  yarn  off  of  the  sediment. 

There  may  be  a  saving  in  colouring  cotton  or  lin- 
en, by  first  colouring  brown  or  purple,  as  I  shall 
hereafter  mention.  Silk  may  be  dyed  in  this  dye, 
but  not  in  the  blue  vat. 


100//;.    BLUE FOR    COffON  AifD    LJlfSK Hor, 

HEAT  water  sufficient  for  your  yam,  say  for 
five  pounds  of  cotton  or  linen  yani,  take  five  ounces 
of  blue  vitriol,  run  your  yarn  or  let  it  lye  in  the  dye 
one  hour,  then  add  three  pounds  of  good  logwood 
chips,  boil  well,  and  put  in  the  yam  ;  let  it  lye  one 
hour,  then  air  and  add  two  ounces  of  pearlashes, 
let  it  lie  thii'ty  minutes  ;  then,  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  add  a  little  blue  vitriol  ;  put  it  in  again,  and 
you  will  have  a  good  looking  blue,  but  it  will  not  be 
so  lasting  a  colour  as  the  two  forms  before  men- 
tioned. 


'  '^  1  't.    To  take  the  Colour  out  of  SUk,  Cotton^  or  Li~ 
'   v'h  nsjiotted  or  another  colour  is  %vuhed.— 'Hot. 

TO  one  barrel  of  hot  water,  take  half  a  gill  of 


span's  COMPANION-.  ''T' 

oil  of  vitriol,  put  in  the  goods  ;  run  tliem  fifteen  mi- 
nutes, air  andrinee  them  in  fair  water  immediate- 
ly, lest  it  should  endanger  the  goods. 

I  Iwve  reduced  black  without  injuring  it,  and 
madii  a  vcllow  of  it  in  this  form. 


lG'2d,  For  Greefi  on  Silk. — HoC. 

TAKE  two  poimds  of  fustick,  boil  Avell,  till  the 
strength   is   Avell  out,  then  take  out  the  chips,  and 
ac>d  a  quarter  of  a  pound  ofallum,and  six  ounces  of 
blueing,  prepared  as  in  receipt  No.  6  ;  stir  it  with 
the  dye  till  it  is  well  mixed,  then  handle  your  silk 
fiiken  or  twenty  minutes  ;  stir  it  lively,  and  keep  it 
open  and  loose  in  the  dye  ;  (silk  should  never  be 
wenched  as  woollen   goods)  air,  and  if  not  deep 
enough,  add  a  little  more  blueing  ;  and  if  not  yel- 
low  enough,  then  a  little  allum,  run  again  fifteen 
n-inutes  ;  then  air,  and  if  the  colour  suits,  rince  im- 
mediately.    The  dye  ought  to  be  so  fixed  as  to  co- 
lour quick,  and  there  must  not  be  a  great  quantity 
coloured  at  once  in  a  dye  ;  for  the  dye  will  get  too 
strong  with  the  vitriol,  which  Avill  endanger  the  silk  ; 
but  with  proper  care,  it  may  be   coloured  without 
any  danger. 

G  a 


7i  »YEU'S    COMPAKIOX. 

103c/.  Green  on  Cotton  or  Linen.— .Cool. 

TO  set  a  dye,  take  two  pounds  of  logwood,  and 
one  pound  of  fustick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  run  your  goods 
one  hour  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vit- 
riol, run  your  goods  thirty  minutes,  then  add  two 
ounces  of  pearlash  ;  run  again,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  pleases. 

4, 

104/A.    Yellow  on  Cotton  and  Linen.'— Hot: 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  the  leaves  or  peelings  of 
onions  tliat  are  dean  and  clear  fi-om  dirt ;  put  them 
in  fair  water,  boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lurti,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  and  you  will  have  a 
good  colour. 

lOath.  Orange  Colour  07i  Cotton  and  Linen^ 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  copperas,  dissolve  it  in  hot 
water,  and  have  the  liquor  very  strong  ;  let  it  stand 
fill  nearly  cold,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  then  dip 
it  in  good  lye,  handle  till  perfectly  wet  ;  then  let  it 
drain,  and  hang  it  in  the  sun  fifteen  minutes,  and 
the  sua  will  turn  the  colour  \  continue  to  manage 


byer's  companion.  7f 

in  this  manner,  dipping  it  in  the  dye  and  hanging  it 
in  the  sun,  till  dark  enough. 


166///.  Flesh-Cdour  on  Cotton  a7id  Linen. — Hot* 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  bushels  of  black-birch 
bark,  and  half  a  bushel  of  hemlock  bark,  boil  well ; 
then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  two 
ounces  of  pearlash  ;  run  your  cloth  or  goods  till 
your  colour  pleases. 


\07th.  Red  on  Cotton  or  Line7i. — Cold. 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  Nicaragua  chips,  boil  them 
till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then  add  half  a  peund 
of  allum,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  run  your  cloth 
or  yam  in  hot  water,  with  a  little  pearlashes  in  it  ; 
then  air,  and  put  it  in  the  dye,  frequently  handling 
over  till  the  coloiir  suits, 

IO8//1.  Cotton  and  Linen  Redish  BrQ'ton-—Hoi, 
TAKE  butternut,  sassafras,  black  alder,  and  hen> 


80  UTEr's    tOMPAXIO.V. 

lockbark,  a  bushel  of  each  ;  boil  well,  run  yourgoods 
one  hour,  then  add  two  pailfulls  of  lye,  or  a  quartex' 
of  a  pound  of  pearlash  ;  run  yoiu'  cloth  or  jfoods, 
and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


\ 


""         jIP'      ' '  * 

}09th.  For  Plumb-Colour  or  Purple,  07i  Silks. —  Hot. 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  and  three 
pounds  of  redwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the  strength 
is  well  out  of  the"thips  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  al- 
lura,  and  run  your  goods  one  hour  ;  then  add  one 
ounce  of  verdigrease,  made  fine  and  dissolved  in 
sig,  deseribed  before,  and  add  one  gallon  of  sig  ; 
run  your  goods  thirty  or  forty  minutes,  and  if 
your  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  then  add  a  little 
blue  vitriol,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


!  \Oth.  Pur/ile  on  Cotton  or  Llnen.-^Cold. 

TAKE  three  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well) 
till  the  strength  is  well, out  and  the  dye  very  strong, 
(for  all  cotton  dyes  require  to  be  strong  ;)  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  and  one  ounce  of  pearlash  ; 
let  it  stand  and  get  cold,  dip  your  goods  into  hot  wa- 
ter, air,  and  put  them  into  the  dye  loose,  handle 
OYcr  once  in  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  }  let  them  lie 


DtER's    COMPANXOlf,  •! 

in  the  dye  in  this  manner  till  the  colour  suits.  It 
must  be  observed  in  dying  cottons  and  linens  ia  cold 
dyes,  that  the  air  and  sun  are  very  necessary  to 
brighten  and  strike  the  colour  in.  Let  the  goods 
lie  in  the  air  and  sun,  three  or  four  times  in  the 
course  of  your  colouring,  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes 
at  a  time.  This  preparation  is  suitable  for  blue,  as 
mentioned  in  receipt  99th. 


IWth.  Broivn  on  Cotton  and  Linen,— Cold. 

TAKE  of  maple  or  white  oak  bark,  one  bushel, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  take  the 
bark  out,  and  have  dye  sufficient  to  wet  the  goods ; 
then  add  one  pound  of  copperas,  let  it  stand  till  near- 
ly cold  ;  run  your  goods  in  hot  water  with  a  little 
pearlashes  first  ;  thea  put  it  in  the  dye,  and  handle 
over  once  in  ten  or  fifteen  minutes,  and  air,  as  de- 
scribedbefore  in  receipt  1 10th  ;  and  handle  in  this 
nnanner  till  the  colour  suits  ;  then  rince  clean.  This 
is  the  brewn  mentioned  in  receipt  99th,  for  a  saving 
in  blue  ;  but  I  prefer  the  purple  ;  but  when  colour- 
ed blue,  after  it  is  dry,  it  is  necessary  to  scald  it  in 
salt  and  water,  to  bind  the  colour. 


■W  UYEn'a  coWFAKioS. 

1 12/A.  Dove  or  Load-Cd^ry  en  Cotton  or  JJnm,>*>f     J 

TAKE  one  pound  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  boil  in 
"Hater  one  hour,  then  add  two  pounds  of  copperas  j 
let  it  Etand  till  cold,  and  have  liquor  enough  to  wet 
the  goods  ;  (it  requires  to  be  very  strong)  put  your 
goods  in  the  liquor,  and  handle  once  in  five  or  six 
minutes,  wring  and  air  once  in  half  an  hour  ;  dip  in 
this  manner  three  hours,  then  rinte.  This  liquor 
ought  to  be  put  in  a  tub,  and  another  liquor  prepar- 
ed in  another  tub,  in  this  manner,  viz.— -take  six 
pounds  of  sumac,  of  one  year's  growth,  cut  and  well 
dryed  with  the  leaves  all  on,  in  the  summer  season, 
and  three  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the 
strength  is  well  out,  then  shift  it  in  the  tub,  and  let 
it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  run  your  goods  in  the  same 
manner  as  before  describe*!:  handle  in  tbistwo  hours ; 
if  the  colour  is  not  then  dark  enougli,  run  again  in 
the  copperas  and  galls  liquor,  then  rinceand  run  in 
the  logwood  again,  and  handle  in  this  manner  till 
your  colour  suits. 

N.  B.  Cotton  and  linen,  when  dyed  in  cold  dyes, 
must  always  be  v,'ct  and  run  in  hot  water  half  an 
hour,  and  then  airetl ,;  and  a  little  pearlashcs  is  good 
in  the  water,  to  cleanse  the  goetls  for  c9louring, 
&c. 


dyer's   COitPANlOS.  83t 

Cold  dyes  will  remain  good  always  if  properly  rC" 
fruited. 


-4' — ' 


With.  Olive  on  Cotton  and  Linen. --.Cold. 

TAKE   one  pound  of  mitgalls  pulverised,  put 
them  ill  water,  boil  one  hour,  then  put  it  in  a  tub, 
then  add  two  pounds  of  copperas,  have  the  liquor 
strong,  and  enough  of  it  to  wet  and  cover  the  goods  ; 
then  dip  in  the  hot  water  ;  then  stir  the  galls  and 
copperas  together,  then  put  in  your  goods  and  han- 
dle over  once  in  five  minuses,  that  no  part  shall  be 
confined,  wring  and  airtvery  half  hour  ;  handle  in 
this   liquor  two  hours,  then  rnice,  then  add  three 
pounds  of  fustick  and  one  poimd  of  logwood  chips, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then  add  five 
ounces  of  good  madder,  and  twe  ounces  of  allum  • 
Jet  it  simmer  a  few  minutes,  then  shift  the   liquor 
into  a  tub,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  handle 
your  goods  in  the  first  liquor  two  or  three  hours  till 
the  colour  is  well  raised  ;  and  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  then  take  two  pounds  of  fustick,  and  one 
pound  of  logwood,  boil  well  ;  let  it  cool,  and  sadden 
"With  copperas  as  much  as  is  necessary,  and  handl« 
tin  your  colour  pleases. 


S4  »TE».  5    COMTAKIOK. 

114M.  Olive  on  Silk,  Cotton,  or  Linen. — Hot. 

TAKE  fi\'£  pounds  of  fiistick,  and  two  pounds  of 
Ic^wood  chips,  boil  well  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  blue  vitriol,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  goods  one  hour ;  then  add  one  pound 
of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases.  If 
the  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  you  may  add  more 
copperas,  &c. 


-4- 


\\5th.  Light  Olive  on  Cotton  and  Linen — Hof. 

TAKE  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  and  half  a 
pound  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two 
ounces  of  allum,  andone  ounce  of  blue  vitriol ;  then 
ruu  your  goods  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the 
dye  ;  then  sadden  with  copperas  to  your  liking,  and 
Jiandle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

— 4' — 

1 16/A.  Slate  Colour  on  Cotton  and  Linen, — Hot. 

TAKE  hot  water,  and  dissolve  one  pound  of  cop- 
peras ;  i-un  your  goods  forty  minutes,  then  air  and 
rince,  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
yn\h  fair  water  ;  then  add  thr6e  pounds  of  logwood, 


byer's  companion.  55 

boil  well,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  and  haddle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 

4, 


\\7t/i.  Black  on  Cotton  and  Linen.' — Hot. 

TAKE  four  pounds  of  good  logAvood,  and  two 
pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil  well ;  tnen  add  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  or  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye,  then 
sadden  with  two  pounds  of  copperas,  and  one  gal- 
lon of  good  old  sig  ;  run  your  cloth,  and  if  it  is  not 
black,  you  must  air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  liquor 
from  your  copper,  and  set  another  dye  in  manner 
and  form  as  the  first,  and  handle  again,  and  depend 
on  having  an  excellent  black  at  last.  But  if  it  is  at- 
tended with  a  rusty  brownness,  you  may  put  in  one 
quart  of  brown  ashes,  or  two  ounces  of  pearl-ash, 
and  handle  lively,  which  is  necessary  in  all  hot  silk, 
cotton,  and  linen  dyes. 


1  X^th.  Black  on  Cotton  and  L{7ien.—>Cold, 

TAKE  one  pound  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  boil  in 
one  pail-full  of  water  one  hour,  then  add  two  pounds 
of  copperas,  shift  it  into  a  tub,  and  add  water  suffi- 
H 


*S  »YEX's    C0M1'AN'I»N. 

cient  to  cover,  and  handle  your  goods  very  strong ; 
then  take  fair  water  and  fill  your  copper,  add  four 
pounds  of  logwood  chips,  two  pounds  of  sumac  A^ell 
dryed,  of  one  season's  growth,  and  one  pound  of 
dry  alder  bark,  boiVwell  till  tl>e  strength  is  well  out, 
then  dip  off  the  dye  into  a  tuli,  the  chips  remaining 
in  thia  kettle  ;  let  it  stand  till  cold. 

The  dye  must  be  managed  in  this  manner  ; — first 
run  your  g.ocds  in  hot  water,  with  a  little  pearl-ash- 
es in  it;  run  in  this  half  an  hour,  then  air  and  lay 
your  goods  into  the  copperas  and  galls  liquor  ;  han- 
dle over  e\ery  eight  or  ten  minutes,  and  air  every 
half  hour  ;  handle  in  this  tv/o  hours,  then  rince 
clean  and  lay  it  in  the  logwood  liquor  ;  handle  as  in 
the  other  three  hours,  then  if  it  is  not  black,  put  wa- 
ter in  the  copper  upon  the  chips  ;  before  running 
in  the  copper,  let  it  steep  and  cool  again,  and  add 
one  pound  of  copperas  ;  run  in  this  one  hour  ;  but 
if  it  has  a  iiisty  brown  appearance,  which  is  occa- 
sioned by  the  logwood,  then  add  two  ounces  of  pearls 
ashes,  or  brown  ashes  will  answer  if  you  have  no 
pearl-ashes  ;  run  in  this  half  an  hour,  then  air  and 
rince  clean,  and  if  it  is  not  black  then,  recruit  the 
liquors  and  make  tJiem  strongei",  and  manage  as  be- 
fore in  the  first  preparation  ;  and  never  fear  but 
you  will  have  a  fine  black. 

After  you  have  rincecl  clean,  to  keep  it  from 


dyer's  comtanion,  57 

cracking,  use  beef  galls,  as  meutiontd   in    receipt 
No.  94, 


GEJ^^ERJL  0BSER}\1T1Q:YS, 

Cotton  and  Imendye  isthebsst  cold  hi  gche- 
tal ;  for  it  is  almost  impossible  %vlth  me  to  colouf 
cotton  and  linen  in  hot  dyes  v/itliout  spotting  ;  for 
the  cotton,  &:c.  ar»  of  a  cold  deadly  nature,  and  the 
steam  of  the  dye  has  a  bad  effect  on  goods  of  this 
kind.  All  kinds  of  cotton  and  linen  cloth-?,  yarn  and 
thread,  may  be  coloured  by  following  the  preceding^ 
tcceipts  for  dying  cotton  and  linen. 

In  the  receipts  for  dying  silk,  cotton  and  linen, 
1  have  not  specified  any  particular  qviantity  of  yards 
or  weight.  There  is  so  much  diflt  rence  in  tht; 
weight  of  goods  of  this  kind,  that  no  rule  could  be 
given  in  yards  ;  and  no  certainty  can  be  affixed  to  a 
general  rule  cf  weight,  because  of  the  difference  of 
the  quality  of  the  goods.  Silks  ditlVr,  so  do  cottons 
«nd  linens  ;  no  regular  system  can  therefore  be 
adopted.  The  dyer  is  to  proportion  his  dyes  ac- 
cording to  the  receipts,  following  his  judgment  as 
the  goods  ^'ary  ;  and  if  lie  closely  pursues  the  di- 
rections for  proportion  and  maHageracnt,  he  v  ill  not 


tS  »TEll*8    COMPANION. 

find  a  single  receipt  that  ■will  not  answer  the  pur- 
pose designed.  I  shall  hereafter  speak  particularly 
of  the  powers  on  which  the  dyes  depend. 


niRECTIOJfS  FOR  DRESSIJVG  CLOTH. 

IN  dressing  cloth,  there  are  various  forms  in  use 
with  almost  every  workman  in  the  business  ;  but  I 
shall  only  point  out  the  way  which  I  conceive  to  be 
the  best.  There  are  also  different  kinds  of  tools 
and  utensils  made  use  of,  which  I  shall  leave  to  the 
discretion  of  the  practitioner. 

#— 

FOR  FULLING  CLOTH. 

CLOTH  to  be  fulled,  should  be  wet  %vith  soap 
sufficient  to  cleanse  it  of  the  dirt  and  grease,  then 
scoured  clean  and  dryed ;  then  burl  or  pick  out  all 
the  nap  and  specks  that  will  injure  the  cloth  in  dress- 
ing ;  then  wet  with  soap  so  that  the  cloth  will  work 
and  turn  lively  in  the  mill.  Let  proper  attention  be 
paid  to  handle  the  cloths  from  the  mill,  so  as  to  keep 
them  smooth  ;  and  be  cautious  not  to  let  them  grow 
together,  for  it  is  very  hurtful  to  the  cloth,  and  det- 


I'iincntai  m  ch-t>$.iiip;.  The  tulling-njiil  must  be 
tended  with  cave.  Wlien  the  cloths  are  fulled  suf- 
ficiently, then  scour  clean  from  the  soap  :  And  if 
there  is  any  of  the  first  quality  to  be  dressed,  then 
card  lightly  over,  so  ns  to  lay  and  straighten  the 
nap  ;  then  shear  this  nap  off;  then  t^^ke  clothier's 
jacks,  and  raise  a  nap  sufficient  to  cover  the  thread ; 
then  shear  this  off  and  raise  another  nap  with  teaz- 
les. I  prefer  tea;:ies  to  any  thing-  else  to  raise  anap 
on  cloth  ;  they  are  much  iiiilder  and  softer  to  cloth 
than  jacks  ;  but  where  they  cannot  be  had,  jacks  may 
be  substittUed  in  their  place.  After  raising  the 
lliiid  nap,  then  colour  the  cloth;  cleanse  it  well 
li'om  the  dye,  and  lay  the  nap  straight  and  smooth 
ovit  of  warm  v.  ater  with  jacks  that  are  limber  ;  then 
dry,  keeping  the  nap  smooth  :  when  dry,  first  shear 
on  the  back-side,  then  shear  smooth  and  even  on  the 
face  side,  and  as  close  as  you  can.  When  sheared, 
burl  clean,  and  lay  the  nap  w;th  a  sand-board  or 
brick,  or  brush,  but  not  with  a  jack  ;  some  errone- 
ously use  a  jack  ;  a  jack  is  good  and  necessary  to 
raise  a  nap,  but  not  to  lay  it.  Lay  the  nap  smooth 
with  the  sand-board,  and  then  the  cloth  is  fit  for 
the  press.  Have  smooth  papers,  put  it  in  the  press, 
kt.  the  heat  of  the  plate  be  just  hissing  hot  ;  screw 
it  moderately  in  the  jyess,  for  the  beauty  of  most 
tlilck  cloths  is  destroyed  by  pressing  too  hard.  The 
beauty  of  thick  cloth  depends  on  drying,  and  not  on 
pressing  ;  the  coarser  the  cloth  is,  the  harder  it  re- 

H  s 


90 


DYEire    COMPANIOjr. 


quires  to  be  screwed  ;  all  th'ck  cloths  arc  notdresS' 
ed  alike,  but  according  to  quality,  some   requiring 
once  shearing,  some  twice,  and  so  on,  to  the  num- 
ber uf  times  mentioned  before  ;  six  times  is  suffi- 
cient for  the  first  quality,  managed  as  before  men- 
tioned.    Some  fulled  cloths  do  not  require  shearing, 
V'hich  are  dressed  Avith  a  thick  nap,  sufficient  to  co- 
ver the  thread  ;  this  may  be  raised  with  common 
wool  and  cotton  cards  ;  this  kind  of  cloth  is  called 
bear-skin  or  coating.     Bearskin  should  be  pressed 
in  the  cold  press,  never  in  the  hot-press.     Baize  or 
flannels  should  be  fulled  lightly,  the  grease  and  dirt 
scoured' out  clean  ;  then,  if  it  is  to  be  coloured,  dye 
and  raise  a  nap  with  a  mild  easy  card  or  jack,  and  a 
stuffed  board,  and  dry  smooth,  aiM  press  in  a  oold 
press  ;  but  if  it  is  to  remain  white,  raise  a  nap  as  be- 
fore, and  dry  smooth  ;  then  have  a  stove,  or  some 
proper  tight  place,  with   Gonveniences  to  hang  the 
cloth  up  loose  ;  then,  to  lOG  yards  of  flannel,  burn 
one  pound  of  sulphur  or  brimstone  under  the  cloths, 
and  it  will  cleanse  them  from  all  specks  of  dia't,  and 
leave  them  as  white  as  need  be  ;  but  when  you  find 
it  necessary,  you   may  have  your  copper  cleaned 
■with  fair  hot  water,  with  a  little  compound  of  bluing 
in  it  ;  run  your  cloth  in  this  a  few  minutes,  and  dry 
smooth  ;  put  in  clean  papers,  press  in  the  cold  press, 
Sec.     Some,  when  they  stove  their  cloth  with  sul- 
phur, wet  it  in  clean  soap  suds,  and  hang  the  cloth 
or  goods  up  wet  ;  but  I  prefer  the  water  with  a  lit- 


l)tER's    COMPANION.  '51 

tie -bluing,  to  whiten  the  cloth  before  stoving,  for  it 
will  wear  handsomer,  and  will  not  grow  yellow  sa 
soon. 


FOR  TBIJV- CLOTirS. 

THIN  cloths  should  be  well  coloured,  cleansed 
well  from  the  dye,  dryed  smooth,  and  pressed  dou- 
ble ;  thin  cloths  require  to  be  much  moister  than 
thick  cloths  ;  the  press  papers  should  be  hard,  thin 
and  smooth  ;  and  the  press  hotter  than  for  thick 
cloths.  It  must  be  screwed  very  hard,  for  the  beau" 
ty  of  thin  cloth  is  in  the  gloss  given  by  pressing. 
The  heat  of  the  press  should  be  kept  regular,  and 
the  clotii  will  be  smooth,  Sec. 

4, 

TO  DRESS  SitK  AjYD  COTTOjV,  l^c. 

SILK  must  never  be  pressed,  but  cleaned  well 
from  the  dye-stuff,  then  dryed  ;  then  dissolve  gum 
Arabic  in  water,  wet  the  silk  thoroughly  in  this, 
wring  and  squeeze  as  dry  as  you  can,  so  as  it  shall 
not  drip  ;  then  strain  it  out  smooth  every  way,  an<l 
dry.     This  will  finish  the  silk  dressing. 


9i  DTER's    CvOMPAMOir. 

Cottons.  Some  donot  require  to  be  pressed,  as 
velvets,  eorduroys,  and  similar  cloths  ;  they  re- 
quire only  to  huve  the  ncip  laid  when  ^ret  ;  fustian 
must  have  a  nap  raised  dry  with  teazles,  and  then 
pressed.  Almost  all  kinds  of  cotton  and  lineu 
cloths,  except  those  before  mentioned,  such  as  nan- 
keens, jeans,  muslins,  &c.  require  to  be  pressed 
quite  hard  ;  not  as  hard  as  thin  woolen  cloths,  but 
harder  than  thick. 

N,  B.  Silk,  cotton  and  linen  cloth,  must  never  be 
put  in  the  fuUing-miil  to  scour  at  any  time,  for  it 
Will  ruin  them. 


dyer's    COMPAN'IOI^. 


Obsei-vations  on  the  Difference  of  Colours,  and  their 
depending  Powers,  with  directicns  as  to  the  use  of 
Dxje-stuffs,  and  their  Properties  and  Effects. 

JL  he  five  Material  Colours  are  these,  Blue,  Yel- 
low, Red,  Brown  and  Black  ;  the  three  powers  are 
these,  the  Alkali,  the  Acid,  and  Corrosive  ;  these 
are  the  depending  powers  of  all  colours  ;  which  I 
shall  endeavour  to  shew  in  each  colour  in  course. 

First,  The  Blue.  The  Blue  with  indigo  de- 
pends on  the  power  of  the  alkali,  sig  or  urine  ; 
pearl-ashes  and  pot-ashes,  and  the  lye  of  lime  are 
all  alkalies  :  so  it  evidently  appears  that  indigo,  al- 
though the  best  dye  drug  in  the  world,  (except  co- 
chineal) is  of  no  eETect  without  the  power  of  the  al- 
kali. There  are  other  materials  used  with  the  in- 
digo, but  are  of  no  other  use  than  to  support  and  as- 
sist the  in4igo  :  Woad  will  dye  a  blue,  properly- 
prepared,  without  the  indigo,  and  indigo  without 
the  woad  ;  so  woad  serves  only  as  an  assistant  to  the 
indigo,  Woad  is  a  very  useful  dye  drug  in  carry- 
ing on  large  manufactories  ;  but  it  will  not  answer 
any  useful  purpose  in  our  small  business.  Madder 
is  a  strong  drug,  serving  to  brighten  and  darken  the 
blue,  which  greatly  assists  the  indigo.  Wheat  bran 
serves  only  to  soften  the  water,  and  urine  or  sig  pre- 
pares the  dye  to  come  to  yroxk  sooner  than  it  other- 


54  HYER's    COMx^ANlO.V. 

^vise  would.  Borax  is  an  alkali  which  softens  a!! 
I-arts,  and  causes  it  to  rest  easy,  and  come  to  work 
veil  and  soon.  Blue  v.ith  indigo  is  coloured  with 
drugs  altogether. 

Prussian  Blue  is  of  a  different  nature  ;  it  is  de- 
pendant on  the  pov.-er  of  the  acid,  which  I  shall  de- 
scribe hereafier.  Blue  with  logwood  is  of  a  diffcr- 
erit  nature  from  any  other  real  colour.  I  think 
this  is  possessed  of  all  the  powers  and  mixed  pow- 
ers ;  with  regard  to  logwood  I  have  imbibed  an  idea 
that  it  was  leading  and  allied  to  a  blue.  I  have  tried 
one  power  and  aisother,  until  I  have  been  brought  to 
this  conclusion.  Madder  to  strengthen  the  log- 
wood ;  allum  is  an  acid  that  raises  the  lustre  of  the 
blue,  but  not  sufficient  of  itself,  it  being  a  weak 
acid  ;  verdigrease  is  evidently  possessed  of  tv.'o  pow- 
crs,  I  think  ;  itagfees  with  the  acid  and  coriosive^ 
but  is  most  powerful  as  a  corrosive.  Sig  is  a  weak 
alka'.i,  which  shows  that  the  powers  are  mixed  ;  it 
rouses  and  gives  lustre  to  the  logwood,  and  makes  a 
fine  blue.  Thus  we  find  the  three  powers  may  be 
mixed  tog^ether  in  a  real  colour,  although  much  a* 
verse  to  each  other.  Blue  vitriol  is  poroesscd  of 
two  powers,  acid  and  corrosive,  and  ^mwerftrl  in 
both-;^  it  has  a  speedy  effect  on  Icgwootl  ;  and  is 
very  good  in  the  latter  part  of  a  dye,  to  raise,  bind, 
fehd  darken  the  colour. 

Ifiklhe  5tla  receipt  I  have  placed  the  ixo  pov,erft 


jiyer's  compa^iox.  95 

dsa  preparation  for  the  blue,  which  are  in  thern- 
selves  in  direct  opposition  to  each  other.  The  acid 
being  most  powerful,  it  will  generally  destroy  the 
corrosive.  Copperas  is  a  corrosive  ;  allum  and  tar- 
tar are  acids,  which  soften  and  take  off  the  ill  eR'ccts 
of  the  copperas  ;  thus  mixed  together,  -they  have  a 
good  effect  ;  but  place  them  in  two  different  bodies 
and  apply  your  goods,  and  one  will  destroy  the  oth- 
er. The  copperas  agrees  well  with  logw®od,  for  al- 
most any  colour:  however,  for  a  blue,  it  is  ueceS" 
sary  to  rince  the  copperas  well  out  of  your  goods, 
otherwise  the  colour  will  be  dull.  Copperas  being 
placed  with  the  logwood,  kills  the  nature  of  it,  and 
destroys  the  lustre  of  the  blue  if  used  after  the  log- 
wood. The  verdigrease,  sig  and  pearl-ashes  make 
the  three  powers  corapleat  in  this  dye,  only  in  dif- 
ferent form  and  manner ;  which  evidently  shews 
that  blue  with  logwood  cannot  be  made  without  these 
powers  ;  but  when  the  three  powers  are  necessarily 
fixed  or  placed  in  union,  they  must  be  in  a  feeble 
form  ;  and  still,  if  they  are  not;  properly  applied, 
although  weak  and  feeble,  pei'haps  they  will  breed 
a  war  that  will  cost  something  before  a  peace  can  be 
made  ;  so  be  cautious  in  dealing  with  too  many  pow- 
ers at  once,  till  you  become  well  acqxiainted  with 
^lyiir  relative  and  combined  strength. 


nr-i  WYEK  S    COMPANIOJ*. 

PRUSSIyLY  BLUE. 

PRUSSIAN  Blue  depends  principally  on  thein- 
fligo,  raised  by  the  power  of  the  acid,  and  softened 
by  the  power  of  alkali.  Oil  of  vitriol  is  a  strong 
acid,  salt  and  lime  are  alkalies  ;  salt  may  be  used, 
and  answers  the  purpose  of  lime,  so  it  evidently 
appears  that  j»alt  is  a  simple  alkali :  these  three  in- 
gredients mixed  together^  make  a  compound  of  blu- 
ing for  Prussian  blue,  and  green.  Green  is  no  co- 
lour of  itself,  hut  is  connected  with  two,  blue  and 
yellow,  which  are  both  dependant  on  the  acid.  JFus- 
tick  is  an  excellent  dye-wood,  but  is  useless  without 
the  acid  to  raise  and  brighten  the  colour.  Allum  is 
commonly  ust-d,  but  tartar  and  aqua  fortis  serve  to 
raise  the  colour  of  the  yellow  ;  so  green  may  be 
made  very  easy,  the  two  colours  being  in  perfect  un- 
ion with  regard  to  powers.  So  lead  them  together 
with  care  till  they  arrive  at  their  proper  state,  which 
is  a  good  green. 

In  the  10th  receipt  I  have  acknitted  a  little  logwood 
and  copperas,  which  serves  to  darken  the  green,  and 
rather  dull,  Sec. 

In  the  1 1th  receipt,  I  have  admitted  pearl-ashes, 
allum  and  aqua  fortis  with  the  fustick.  Allum  and 
aqua-fortis  are  acids  ;  pearl-ash  is  aJi  alkali  ;  the 
acid  raises  the  yellow,  the  alkali  softens  and  takes 


dyer's    companiok.  5T 

off  the  harsh  parts  of  the  acid,  fits  and  spnngs  the 
wool,  to  prepare  it  to  receive  the  blue  ;  the  acids  ar« 
binding,  and  the  alkali  the  reverse. 

In  the  1 2th  receipt,  I  have  admitted  wheat  bran 
>vet  with  vinegar.  Vinegar  is  the  principal,  it  be- 
ing an  acid,  leading  to  corrosive,  or  is  in  greater  ix- 
nion  than  any  other  acid  with  the  corrosive  ;  but 
when  mixed  with  wheat  bran,  it  is  a  mild  acid,  and 
has  quite  a  different  effect  from  what  it  would  in 
the  natural  state  ;  and  cannot  be  used  any  other  way 
in  these  kind  of  dyes.  When  mixed  with  the  bran, 
or  otherwise,  it  is  of  a  cleansing  searching  nature. 
I  have  admitted  red  tartar,  Avhich  is  cleansing  and 
prepares  the  cloth  or  goods  to  receive  a  colour.  Cop- 
peras serves  only  to  darken,  as  I  have  said  before. 

In  the  13th  receipt  I  have  admitted  blue  vitriol,* 
which  serves  to  darken  and  raise  the  lustre  of  the 
jellow. 


BOTTLE  GREEJV. 

BOTTLE  Green  is  connected  with  three  differ- 
ent colours  ;  two  as  green,  one  as  brown  ;  the  green 
is  possessed  of  the  quality  described  before,  depend- 
ing  on  the  acid  ;  the  brown  is  assisted  by  the  log- 


9S  xxitek's  caaiPANiox. 

wood,  tind  !t)wcrerl  down  by  the  povrei*  of  the  cor- 
rosive. The  copperas  would  destroy  the  power  o( 
the  acid  in  tills  dye,  were  it  not  for  the  verdigrease 
being  posst^ssed  of  two  powers,  which  renders  both 
mild  £.nd-  friendly. 

In  the  14ih  i-eceipt,  it  is  oidcnt  that  blue  vitriol 
is  of  two  powers  ;  as  an  acid  it  raises  the  yellow  of 
the  fustick,  as  a  corrosive  it  darkens  very  ixipidly 
with  logwood,  so  the  goods  are  prepared  with  these 
t"^v0  powers  to  combine  the  three  in  one  colour. 

The  15lh  ixceipt  is  an  oHve  green  ;  this  is  a  sim- 
pleness  of  green,  and  depends  on  the  power  of  the 
acid,  as  green  ;  but  as  brown  on  the  corrosive  ; 
the  acid  going  under  cover  of  the  bark,  gives  ad- 
liiittance  to  the  corrosive  ;  and  thus  the  lustre  ol 
the  colour  is  preserved  from  danger. 


-4» 


Y£LL01V. 

YELLOW  is  one  of  the  material  colours,  and  is 
dependei^t,  always,  on  the  power  of  the  acid,  and  no 
other  ;  but  has  different  subjects.  Fustick  is  the 
principal  subject  among  our  dyers,  and  allum  the 
principal  acid.  Aqua  fortis  is  very  good  to  cleanse 
iiud  prepare  tlie  colour  ;   and  it  substantiates   the 


DTEU's    COMPANION-.  99 

fellow,  and  makes  it  much  brighter.  So  the  alliim 
fend  aqua  fortis  agree  in  all  light  colours  ;  but  aqua 
fortis  wiJl  not  answer  with  a  corrosive  ;  for  it  is  so 
strong  an  acid  that  it  will  not  u<hnit  any  thing  of  a 
darkening  nature,  as  you -see  in  taking  t'ne  coloin' 
out  of  cloth,  &c.  The  composition  is  ntade  up  oF 
acids,  and  that  will  destroy  the  power  of  the  corro- 
sive and  alkali,  and  all  the  sitbjccts  that  unite  Vv'ith 
those  powers  ;  so  it  is  evident  that  tlw;  acid  is  most 
powerful — for  it  will  destroy  what  the  others  create; 
yet  the  acid  may  bt- overcome,  in-some  of  the  most 
feeble  parts,  when  not  guarded  v/ith  care  by  the  al* 
kali  and  corrosive. 

SCARLET  RED, 

SCARLET  is  one  of  the  most  noble  colours  ev- 
er made  by  man  :  cochineal  is  its  grand  and  princi- 
pal subject,  which  is  the  finest  and  best  dye  drug  in 
the  world.     Scarlet  has  the  most  brilliant  rays  of  all 
colours,  which  resemble  the  sun  in  the  firmament 
and  the  bow  in  the  clouds.      Yet  cochineal  is  the 
most  simple  of  all  dye  drugs,  were  it  not  for  the  poAv- 
er  of  the  acid  and  a  proper  connection  with  other 
subjects.     The  fustic  and  tarmeric  place  a  founda- 
tion to  give  lustre  to  the  scarlet  ;  aquafortis  and  ar- 
gal  cleanse,  and  raise  the  lustre,   and  make  way  for 


VjV  DTEU'b    COMPAMON. 

the  cochineal  to  take  place  ;  yet  tlic  gootls  are  lo» 
haicl-— they  want  softening  and  taking  ofT  the  harsh 
part  of  the  acid,  which  is  done  by  wheat  bran,  wet 
with  vinegar.  The  bran  is  softening,  and  the  vine- 
gar is  an  acid  which  is  searcliing  and  cleansing.—^ 
Now  the  cloth  is  prepared  to  give  place  to  the  coch- 
ineal. Arsenick  and  arraorick,  are  only  assisting 
subjects  ;  the  aqua  fortis  to  keep  up  the  life  and  spi- 
rits of  the  subjects.  Thus  cochineal  is  supported 
by  one  of  the  most  noble  and  greatest  powers,  and  is 
guarded  by  worthy  subjects  ;  and  a  £carkt  is  an  or- 
nament to  kings. 

The  next  is  possessed  of  the  same  power,  only 
the  subjects  are  a  little  differently  arranged. 


CRIMSOA". 

■  CRIMSON  has  the  briUiance  and  lustre  of  the 
rain-bow,  yet  is  possessecl  of  two  colours  ;  but  most 
united  with  the  red,  with  a  little  tincture  of  blue. 
So  it  is  evident  crimson  is  of  no  colour  in  itself,  but 
is  a  mixture  with  red  and  bhie.  As  red,  it  depends 
on  the  acid  ;  and  as  blue,  on  the  alkali.  Cream  of 
tartar,  alhim,  and  crude  tartar,,  are  all  acids.  Sal- 
ammoniack  is  an  alkali,and  a  very  weak  one. — Thus 
v/ctind  these  two  powers  united  by  ll^.c  help  of  one 
subject. 


dyer's  companion.  •       10 i 

The  other,  or  the  next  following,  has  a  number 
of  subjects,  but  dependent  on  the  same"  powers.— 
Red,  \vith  nicaragiui,  is  dependent  on  the  acid,  and 
ail  other  reds.  Dye  woods  are  not  so  permanent  as 
druf^s,  nor  so  brilliant  in  rays  ;  but  answer  a  good 
purpose  for  common  use,  and  make  very  good  col- 
ours. All  crimsons  are  dependent  on  the  powers 
of  tlie  acid  and  alkali. 


MADDER  RED, 

MADDER  is  a  fine  drug,  and  may  be  cultivated 
among  us,  veiy  easy.  It  is  a  tender  root  ;  and  when 
manufactured  fit  for  use,  thex*e  are  tliree  different 
sorts  proceeding  from  one  root.      The  dyer  ought 
to  be  well  acquainted  with  the  qualities  of  this  drug. 
It  will  not  admit  of  boiling  ;  it  kills  and  destroys  the 
nature  of  it,  (as  it  does  all  other  dye-stuffs  taken  out 
of  the  ground.)     ISladder  requires  the  softest  water 
in  tlie  world.      In  order  to  soften  the  water,    I  use 
the  wheat  bran.      But   madder  depends  partly  on 
t'.vu  pov.'ers — when  sig  is  used,  which  ser\es  to  dar- 
ken and  bind  the  red  ;  but  brazilletto  has  the  same 
cirect,  only   the  cobjur  will  be    brighter — and  this 
serves  as  an  assistant,   and  the  sig  as  an  alkali,   and 
the  allum  and  argal  as  acid.      Thus  the  madder  red 
is  dependent  on  the  acid. 


102  dyer's  companion. 

The  Meroon  Red  has  the  same  principal  sub- 
jects, and  is  dependent  on  tlie  same  powers  ;  and 
differs  in  nothing  only  it  is  a  brighter  red,  and  a 
little  different  in  the  management, 


4- 


POLISHED  RED. 

THIS  colour  is  the  most  independent  of  any  col- 
our ;  not  depending  on  any  power  or  powers.—* 
Nutgalls  is  a  subject  with  madder,  but  a  little  pearl- 
ashes  may  be  added  in  case  it  wants  help  ;  so  it  ap- 
pears that  the  alkali  stands  as  a  power,  in  this  ;  so 
all  reds  arc  dependent  on  the  acids. — The  crimsons 
and  clarets  are  nothing  of  themselves,  and  are  sub- 
ject to  two  powers — the  acid  and  the  alkali.  The 
subjects- being  differently  arranged,  causes  the  dif- 
ferent complexions. 

The  poiver  of  the  corroshe  to  destroy  the  Jioiver  of 
ucid. — Copperas,  the  strongest  of  all  corrosives,  pro- 
perly prepared,  will,  without  assistance,  destroy  the 
acid.  Take  cloth  from  acidous  licjuor  and  put  it  in 
copperas  water,  and  it  will  v.  holly  destroy  the  acid- 
ous power  ; — and  acid  will  destroy  the  corrosive,  in 
ih^  same  m:uiner.  So  it  requires  a  mediator,  when 
these  two  powers  come  together,  to  unite  them,and 


dyer's  companion.  103 

prevent  their  destroying  each  other  ;  but  In  the 
mixture  of  colours  they  -will  require  a  frequent  and 
friendly  correspondence. 

^ 


ORA.YGE  COLOUR. 

ORANGE   colour   is  fine  and  brilliant,  and  has 

the  shades  of  two  colours — yellow,  in  full  ;  and  red, 

in  part.      So  orange  is  the   union  of  two  colours 
which  agree  in  powers  only. 


■4^ 


.      '"         CHERRY  COLOUR, 

CHERRY  is  a  dark  red,  and  is  subject  to  the 
powers  of  acid  and  alkali ;  and  the  subjects  are  bar- 
wood  and  brazilletto — but  bar-wood  is  the  most  de- 
pending one,  though  the  other  is  necessary. 

4, 


VIOLET  COLOURS. 

VIOLETS  are  a  mixture  of  red  and  blue  ;  tlio 
red  depends  on  the  subject  of  brazilletto  and  on  the 
poAver  of  the  acid — the  blue,  on  the  subject  of  log- 
wood and  on  the  power  of  the  alkali.  Thus,  in  this 
dye,  the  pow-ers  and  subjects  agree,  and  by  varymg 
the  powers  and  subjects,  alter  tlie  complexions. 


loi  dyer's  companion-, 

nXA'  COLOURS. 

PINKS  are  of  various  colours,  but  this  is  a  sim- 
ple red,  and  is  depcndentxin  the  power  of  the  acid  ; 
Its  subjects  are  a  number,  but  I  have  laid  them 
down  as  one  in  the  receipt,  and  that  is  madder — 
which  is  the  piiucipal  subject  to  be  depended  on  in 
this  colour. 

FLESU  COLOUR. 

FLESH  colour  is  a  simple  colour  of  red,  changed 
from  white  to  a  small  tincture  of  red.  This  l-.as  a 
number  of  subjects,  but  ii  dependent  on  the  power 
cf  the  acid. 

— — v^ 


BROU'X. 

BROWN  has  many  subjects,  and  of  various 
complexions,  principally  dependent  on  the  power  of 
the  corrosive  ;  but  sometimes  we  admit  the  weak 
power  of  the  alkali,  like  the  sig,  Sec.  Brown  has 
the  greatest  connection  with  all  the  colonrs,  of  any 
colour  :  for  most,  or  the  greatest  part,  of  the  mixed 
colours,  are  connected  Avith  the  brown,  as  .re  shall 
shortly  shew. 


DTEll's    COMrAXIO.V.  105 

CORBEAU,    WITH  CAMWOOD. 

CORBEAU  is  a  mixture  of  two  colours,  red  and 
brown  ;  these  colours,  in  this  one,  dependent  on 
two  powers,  and  but  one  principal  subject.  The 
powers  are  an  acid  and  corrosive  ;  the  subject,  cam- 
wood and  the  best  of  dye-wood.  The  red  depends 
on  the  oil  of  vitriol  for  an  acid  ;  the  blue  vitriol  be- 
ing possessed  of  two  powers,  intercedes  for  the 
brown,  supports  the  red  and  raises  the  lustre,  which 
is  the  glory  of  these  colours  when  united  together  ; 
the  cloth  or  goods,  in  a  direct  view,  will  be  brown, 
but  when  ghnccd  by  the  eye  or  looked  across,  it 
will  appear  with  a  fine  lustre  of  red. 

The  acid  is  a  guard  to  the  red,  but  that  would 
not  give  admittance  to  the  brown,  were  it  not  for 
the  blue  vitriol  being  of  two  powers,  which  inter- 
pose for  their  mutual  good.  Copperas,  the  strong- 
est of  corrosives,  is  harsh  and  fiery,  and  wants  to 
be  softened  down  notwithstanding  the  blue  vitriol. 
Were  it  not  for  another  assistant  uniting  with  the 
corrosive,  you  would  fail  in  the  union  of  these  two 
colours  ;  by  dissolving  the  copperas  in  vinegar,  it 
softens  the  copperas  ;  the  vinegar  being  an  acidous 
power,  uniting  with  the  corrosive,  causes  the  two 
powers  to  unite.  The  logwood  assists  the  cam-* 
wood  in  completing  tbe  necessary  union.  Thus 
when  these  two  colours,  which  are  in  opposition  to 
each  other,  have   occasion  to  unite,  it  must  be  by 


lOS  DVtk's    COMPANION. 

the  mediation  or  the  subject  of  tv.o  powers,  as  I 
shall  shew  more  plainly  in  the  next  pUce. 

'^ 

CORBRJU  WITH  XICARAGUJ. 

NICARAGUA,  not  of  so  spirited  a  nature,  re- 
t;«h'es  the  greater  as*^istance  of  the  powei's.  This 
has  the  assistance  of  three  powers,  and  has  assisting 
subjects ;  tl>e  fustick,  as  an  assisting  subject,  raises 
the  lustre  of  the  red  ;  and  yellow  alv/ays  depends  on-, 
the  acid  ;  the  blue  vitriol  guards  the  acid  against 
the  corrosive,  keeps  it  from  danger,  and  fits  it  to 
receive  the  subject  of  logAvood  ;  the  verdigrease 
suppoils  the  acid,  I'aises  the  lustre  of  the  red,  and 
unites  with  the  corrosive  ;  the  copperas  being  sof- 
tened by  the  sig,  the  weak  power  of  the  alkali.  So 
by  the  union  of  the  three  powers,  and  two  niixcJ 
powers,  and  the  subjects,  (the  Nicaragua  ths 
chief,)  the  tv,  o  colours  are  brought  to  an  union. 

CORBEAU  WITH  REDVi'OGD. 

REDWOOD  has  spii-it  sufTicicnt,  but  is  slow  in 
motion,  and  is  a  feeble  subject  ;  and  yet  is  a  subject 
of  great  us'j  :  however,  it  requires  assistance;  oth- 


dter's  companion.  107 

erwise  it  would  fail.  It  is  supported  by  the  three 
powers,  the  aeid  and  corrosive  are  its  main  depend- 
encies ;  but  I  have  placed  them  in  different  forms, 
as  you  will  see  by  the  receipts  for  corbeau  and  Lon- 
don brown  with  redwood.  The  powers  must  sup- 
port the  different  subjects  according  to  the  differ* 
ent  order  in  which  they  are  adiViiLted.  I  have  left 
some,  deficient  of  the  pov/er  of  the  corrosive,  to  the 
assistant  subject  logAvood,  and  the  power  of  the 
weak  alkali  sig  ;  but  in  case  the  colour  is  not  dark 
enough,  then  the  dyer's  judgment  will  call  his  at- 
tention to  look  on  the  receipts  before  mentioned,  and 
he  will  see  the  corrosive  will  be  admitted-^— -the  cop- 
peras or  \"erdigrease,  which  is  commonly  best 
to  guard  the  red,  and  powerful  in  darkening. 
Thus  we  find  the  acid  and  corrosive  are  necessary 
with  this  mixture  of  red  and  brown  ;  and  sometimes 
softened  by  the  power  of  the  alkah.  The  dyer  will 
always  find  these  colours  must  he  supported  by  the 
pdwer  of  the  acid  and  cori-osive.  The  acid  the 
power  of  the  red  always  ;  the  ccrro3ive  the  com- 
plete power  of  the  brown.  The  reddish  brown  and 
Spanish  brown  are  dependant  on  the  same  powers, 
but  not  altogether  on  the  same  subjects.  Sec. 


LOJVDOJ^  SMOJK. 
THE  London  Smoke  is.  a  mixture  of  yellow  ami 


108  BYEH  S    COMPANION. 

brown.  The  yellow  is  dependant  on  the  acid,  and 
is  the  substance  and  life  of  the  colour.  Fustick  is 
the  principal  subject  for  the  yellow,  and  allum  the 
acid,  but  tlie  bark  is  a  guard  to  the  yellow,  and  is  a 
subject  in  favor  of  all  powers.  The  smoke  is  a  ve- 
ry dark  colour,  bearing  a  little  red  with  tlic  yellow  ; 
thus,  the  butternut  bark  substantiates  every  part  of 
these  colours  ;  the  Nicaragua  raises  the  reddish 
hue,  the  logwood  assists  the  copperas  in  darken- 
ing, and  the  sig  supports  the  colour  in  every  part, 
and  enlivens  it  to  give  place  to  the  corrosive.  Thus 
the  three  powers  are  vmited  in  this  mixed  colour, 
>7ith  many  powerful  subjects  which  stand  well  to 
tJie  last, 


CI^'^'JMOJ^  BROTV.Y. 

CINNAMON  colour  is  a  mixture  of  three  co- 
lours, red  and  yellow  in  perfect  union,  and  is  de- 
pendent on  the  acid  ;  and  the  brown,  the  corrosive 
and  alkali.  So  the  three  powers,  and  three  sub- 
jects are  united  in  this  mixture.  The  smoke  and 
liver  browns  are  simply  the  same  as  London  smoke, 
only  differing  in  their  subjects  ;  the  camwood  and 
madder  corresponding  with  the  fustick,  and  laying 
a  foundation  for  the  brown.  Thus  the  subjects 
will  unite  so  perfectly  well  together,  that  they  ar« 


bter's  companion.  10^ 

lat  peace  with  all  the  powers  but  the  corrosive  ;  and 
this  binds  all  these  subjects  and  unites  the  colours. 


OLIVE  UROTV.V, 

THE  Olive  differs  nothing  more  from  smoke 
than  this — it  is  not  so  dark,  has  no  hue  of  red,  and 
is  not  depending  on  the  alkali  ;  but  the  weak  alkali 
may  be  admitted,  (as  sig)  but  is  dependent  on  the 
powers  of  acid  and  corrosive  ;  and  the  subjects  af 
the  olives  are  fustick  the  principal  ;  the  otters^ 
■which  are  many,  serve  to  alter  the  complections  and 
give  different  shades.  Butternut,  logwood  and  mad- 
der unite  as  to  shades  ;  the  bluing  gives  a  different 
shade.  Thus  it  is  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  dyex«- 
to  make  use  of  what  form  they  please. 


•  SA'UFF  BROIFM 

SNUFF  Colours  are  formed  of  three  colours  ; 
dependent  on  the  yellow  for  lustre,  and  the  red  and 
brown  for  the  shades.  The  snuff  colours  are  de- 
pendent principally  on  the  power  of  the  acid  and  cor- 
rosive, and  a  Uttle  on  the  power  of  the  alkali  ;  and 
the  many  different  subjects  have  correspondence 
with  these  powers.    Their  union  in  this  manner 


tfO  dyek'«  companion. 

ckuses  the  difference  in  compleetions.  So  as 'to 
the  powers,  properties  and  effects  of  these  browns, 
they  are  simply  all  as  one,  but  differing  in  complecr 
tions ;  I  mean  the  smoke,  the  olive  ami  snuff.  It 
is  dependent  on  the  fustick  and  the  acid  :  the  red  is 
dependent  on  the  redwood,  camwood  and  madder, 
and  Oil  the  iK)\ver  of  the  alkali  ;  the  brown  on  the 
barks,  the  logwood,  and  sumac  ;  and  is  dependent 
on  the  corrosive.  Thus  by  changing  the  orders  of 
the  subjects  and  powers,  the  different  shades  may 
be  produced  in  those  colours  ;  and  this  I  hare  le|^ 
to  the  discretion  of  the  dyer. 

4. 

BJT-WLYG,    SLATE,     DOVE    OR    LEAD^ 
PEARL  OR  SILVER  GREY,  AJVD  DRAB, 

AS  to  these  colours,  they  are  a  mixture  of  all  co- 
lours, except  black,  and  are  depending  on  all  the 
;^owei:s  and  almost  all  the  subjects.  Some  shades 
are  very  light,  merely  changed  from  Avhite  ;  the 
different  subjects  corresponding  with  the  powersi 
causes  the  compleetions  to  differ.  So  with  regard 
to  the  powers,  I  think  I  have  described  plainly  be- 
fore ;  the  union  of  the  subject  and  colours  are  of  so 
extensive  a  nature  in  these  different  shades,  it  is 
in  vain  to  describe  them  in  manner  and  form  as  I 
have  the  rest,  for  it  would  swell  a  volume.    I  hare 


been  very  parttcular  in  the  receipts,  snd  given 
rules  sufficient,  and  an  extensive  assortment  of 
shades  ;  but  in  short,  they  are  all  browns  of  differ- 
ent compkxions,  being  of  a  weak  and  feeble  make, 
and  must  bo  nursed  with  care,  otherwise  they  will 
never  arrive  to  a  state  of  maturity. 


RAVE^''. 

THE  Raven  is  a  mixture  of  two  colours,  blae 
and  black  ;  black  direct,  and  blue  by  the  glance  of 
the  eye.  Now  the  blue  is  dependent  on  the  power 
of  the  acid  and  alkaU,  and  the  black  on  the  power  of 
the  corrosive.  The  wheat  bran  softens  the  goods ; 
the  vmegar  as  en  acid  cleanses  them  and  prepares 
them  to  meet  the  subjects,  and  the  madder  and  al- 
lum  rouses  it  up  for  the  logwood  ;  lying  and  sour- 
ing gives  penetration  and  admittance  to  the  remain- 
ing subjects,  and  the  corrosive  power. 

CROW  WXTH  qOPPERAS, 

CROW  colour  differs  not  much  from  the  raven. 
If  any,  only  in  form  ;  but  I  think  there  is  a  diffei*- 
ence — the  crow  is  attended  with  a  little  bi'ownish 


iI12  dyer's    COMfANiex. 

hue,  and  is  dependent  on  the  power  of  the  corrosive, 
and  tlie  subject  of  the  logwood,  &c. 


CROW  WITH  COMPOUJVD  OF  BLUIA'G, 

THE  blue  part  is  raised  with  the  bluing  which 
has  been  described  before  ;  the  black  on  the  corro- 
sive ;  the  logwood  the  principal  subject  ;  the  vcr- 
di  grease  intercedes  for  both,  and  unites  both  co- 
lours together. 

CRO  W  WITH BL  UE- VITRIOL. 

BLUE  Vitriol  being  connected  with  two  powers, 
the  acid  and  corrosive,  forms  an  union  with  these 
two  colours,  and  prepares  them  to  meet  the  subject 
of  logwood,  and  brings  them  on  terms  never  more 
to  part. 


BLACK, 

BLACK  is  a  colour  of  all  colours.  It  has  but 
one  shade,  and  that  is  the  shade  of  darkness.  Black 
is  dependent  on  the  power  of  the  corrosive,  and  haa 


dyer's  companion.  113 

many  subjects  ;  but  logwood  is  the  principal,  the 
others  serve  as  assistants  to  the  logwood.  Thus 
one  power  and  one  subject  form  the  substance  of 
this  colour.  There  are  different  shades  of  all  co- 
lours except  black. 

Some  men,  and  even  philosophers,  have  endea- 
vored to  shew  that  black  is  not  a  colour  ;  but  I  shall 
endeavour  to  refute  them.  Black  is  made  of  materi- 
als, as  any  other  colour  ;  darkness  is  caused  by  ma- 
terials, by  the  earth  and  the  material  world  ;  by  the 
shadow  of  these  darkness  comes  ;  and  by  the  sub- 
jects of  materials,  white  is  changed  to  black.  So 
men  may  as  well  argue  that  hght  is  darkness,  as  to 
buy  that  bkick  is  not  a  colour.  Light  is  not  dark- 
ness, nor  white  black  ;  but  were  the  light  to  re- 
main with  usj  we  should  not  perceive  the  darkness  ; 
and  if  we  were  not  blessed  with  materials,  we  should 
not  change  white  into  colours.  Light  is  changed 
by  materials  ;  the  light  of  this  world  is  of  a  nature 
to  be  changed,  and  white  is  of  the  same  substance, 
depending  for  its  changes  on  materials  of  dye-stuff ; 
by  our  faculties  we  use  them,  andobtam  the  desired 
effect  which  God  in  his  wisdom  has  designed.  Blue, 
yellow,  red,  brown  and  black  are  made  of  materials  ; 
They  are  all  colours,  and  are  all  of  equal  rank,  form- 
;  ed  from  white  ;  yet  black  is  most  powerful,  for  that 
'  may  be  made  to  overshadow  all  other  colours,  and 
^' -cause  darkness  to  reign  over  them  all.     Sq  it  is  evi- 

Ka 


114  byer's  companion. 

dent  that  black  is  a  colour  of  all  colours.  But  black 
and  Avhite  mixed  together  is  no  colour.  If  light 
and  darkness  were  mixed  together,  we  should  have 
neither  :  the  God  that  made  the  world  separated  the 
light  from  the  darkness  ;  so  in  like  manner  he  has 
given  us  materials,  and  a  faculty  to  use  them,  to 
change  white  to  black. '  Thus  we  fiiul  that  black  isr 
a  colour. 

It  IS  said  that  orange  and  violets  are  colours,  but 
they  are  not  in  themselves  so,  but  are  compounded 
of  colours.  No  mixture  can  be  a  real  colour. 

Having  endeavoured  to  give  you  my  ideas  of  the 
properties  and  effects  of  colours  ;  I  request  to  be 
read  with  candor,  and  hope  to  be  of  some  benefit.  If 
I  have  committed  errors,  I  wish  they  may  be  cor- 
rected for  the  public  advantage. 


>®(^®< 


COLOURLXG  SILK. 


S) 


•  ILK  is  of  a  nature  different  from  wool,  cotton, 
and  linen  ;  it  is  of  a  deadly  nature  :  however,  the 
most  of  preparations  for  dying  woollen  v/ill  answer 
for  silk,  only  the  dye  requires  to  be  stronger.     It 


dyer's  companion.  lis 

kas  also  such  an  union  with  cotton  and  linen,  that 
most  of  these  preparations  will  answer  for  either. 
So  it  appears  that  silk  is  of  a  substance  between 
wool,  cotton  and  linen,  and  it  unites  with  them  aar 
to  colours,  8cc. 

DYIJVG  COTTOjY  AJ\^D  LIAEJ^. 

COTTON  and  Linen  are  of  a  cold  and  deadly 
nature,  and  require  different  preparations  and  man" 
agement  in  colouring.  It  is  the  best  Avay  in  colour-* 
ing  cotton  and  linen,  to  have  the  dye  cold  ;  they  be- 
ing of  so  cold  a  nature.  As  to  the  colours  of  cotton 
and  linen,  I  shall  say  but  little  :  As  to  the  powers, 
the  principal  is  the  con-osive,  the  next  the  alkali, 
and  sometunes  the  acid ;  which  you  will  see  by  the 
receipts.  The  subjects  are  many,  but  the  grand 
subject  is  nutgalls  ;  the  others  are  so  numerous,  I 
shall  not  mention  them  now.  I-  have  endeavoured 
to  explain  them  explicitly  in  the  receipts  for  cotton 
and  hnen,  and  think  it  needless  to  mention  *them 
again  here.  As  to  the  powers  and  the  union  of  the 
subjects,  they  have  been  explained  before  and 
the  best  way  is  to  examine  the  rules  for  im- 
provements, and  follow  the  receipts  close  in  proper 
order,  and  I  presume  to  say  they  will  have  the  de- 
sired effect,  in  ail  colours  and  shades. 


Ii6  dyer's  companion. 


OBSSRrj^'IOIfS     ON     fHE     PRESESr    Sia'UA- 

7'iox  OF  viiE  Ui'BJi's  Business. 


w. 


Observation  Juj'st. 


E  think  ourselves  masters  of  our  business 
before  we  are,  and  uuclei'take  to  do  that  we  know  no- 
thing of.  By  this  our  business  is  ruined,  our  cus- 
tomers imposed  upon,  and  our  country  impovensh- 
cd  ;  this  is  the  prest-nt  situatioii  of  our  business. 

Observation  Second. — Those  impostors  injure 
their  fellow-functioners  as  well  as  tlu*  public,  b)  dis- 
couraging manufactories.  Fisiding  they  fail  of  their 
intentions,  they  begin  to  encourage  th^r  customevs 
by  promising  to  do  better,  and  lo  work  very  cheap  ; 
by  these  impostors,  people  are  deluded,  and  their 
goods  not  unfrequently  ruined.  With  the  custom- 
er, who  knows  nothing  of  dressing,  cheapness  is 
every  thing.  The  Avorkman  who  is  a  complete 
master  of  his  business  is  often  compelled  to  regu- 
late his  prices  of  work  by  the  charges  of  those  who 
are  ignorant  of  the  trade  ;  consequeiitly  the  work  is 
slighted,  or  the  mechanic  cannot  oljtain  a  living  ; 
and  the  employer  is  a  loser  in  the  end,  as  the  goods 
are  badly  finished,  or  perhaps  emirely  ruined. 


Iter's  coj^pakiok.  117 

Let  those  who  practise  in  a  business  make  them- 
selves masters  of  it ;  then  fair  and  just  prices  may 
be  obtained  for  their  labor,  and  the  employer  will 
be  better  satisfied,  and  real  justice  be  done  him,— . 
Thus  our  Hianufactories  would  be  increased  :  The 
interests  of  the  employer  and  employed  would  both 
be  enhanced  ;  they  are  inseparable  :  selfishness 
counteracts  its  own  views  ;  the  injustice  we  do  our 
country,  we  do  to  ourselves. 

As  a  nation  we  can  never  be  really  independent, 
until  we  become  our  own  manufacturers  of  articles 
of  the  first  necessity.  To  arrive  at  this  desirable 
point  ought  to  be  our  constant  endeavour  ;  and  eve- 
ry real  patriot  will  use  his  exertions,  not  only  in 
word  but  in  deed,  to  hasten  the  period. 


OBSEnvArioNs  on  Mj^ufacturing  CloYh. 

TO  make  fine  Broadcloth,  take  your  wool  an^ 
sort  it  carefully  ;  take  the  shortest  and  finest  of 
the  wool,  leaving  no  coarse  locks  with  it  ;  then 
break  the  wool  all  together,  and  card  it  into  rolls  by- 
one  person  or  machine,  then  spin  well  the  filhng 
cross  banded  ;  give  it  a  good  twist,  but  not  hard  so 
as  to  be  wirey  ;  let  it  all  be  t\visted  alilter  and  spun 
by  one  person,  then  let  it  be  well  wove,  with  the 


nS  »YEr's    OOMl'ANIOIf. 

threads  closed  together,  but  not  too  hard.  Thcxt 
take  the  long  wool,  and  have  it  combed  into  wors- 
ted ;  have  it  well  spun,  twisted  well,  and  wove 
firm.  Thin  cloths  depend  on  the  twisting  and  firm 
weaving  ;  but  the  other,  after  it  is  well  niAnufac- 
,  tured,  depends  on  the  fulling  to  close  and  make  it 
firm,  and  on  the  dressing  for  beauty.  Tlie  cloth, 
if  well  manufactured,  v/ell  fulled,  and  well  dyed 
and  dressed,  will  appear  equal  to  any  imported 
cloths  ;  but  if  not  well  manufactured,  it  will  not  be 
handsome. 

If  you  have  coarse  wool  ami  flne  mixed  together, 
it  cannot  be  a  fine  piece  ;  if  it  is  not  broke  and  card- 
ed together,  it  will  not  work  well  ;  it  is  liable  to  be 
streaked,  and  pucker  or  cockle  in  the  mill.  If  not 
well  spun,  or  if  spun  by  two  hands,  it  will  liave  the 
same  effeat  ;  and  if  two  w«ttv.e  on  one  piece,  one 
thick  and  the  other  thin,  it  will  cause  it  to  pucker 
or  cockle. 

With  proper  care  ani^  attention  in  the  manufac- 
turing and  dressing  of  cloihs,  we  may  etiual  any 
in  workmanship  and  beauty,  and  afford  them  one 
third  cheaper  than  those  imported. 


£^'D  OF  THE  FIX  ST  PJRT. 


/ 


THE 

DYER'S  COMPANION. 

PART     S  JS  C  0  A''  D. 


T  II  E 


DYER'S  COMPANION. 


PJRT  SECQXD. 


•  ®  •»» 


RECEIPTS,  &c. 


1 .   To  Jack  or  harden  Leather  for  ITorse?nan's  C'a/iSj 
Ilol&lcrs,  iS'c. 


HAVE  found  by  experience,  that  saddls^  leath- 
er is  the  best  for  caps  and  holsters.  In  this  case, 
let  the  cap,  &C.  be  perfectly  dry  ;  and  on  the  block 
when  jacked  ;  take  melted  rozin,  as  hot  as  is  con- 
venient, rub  it  on  with  a  small  svvc.b,  then  pass  the 
cap  back  and  forth  through  a  light  blaze,  and  hold 
it  to  the  five  till  it  strikes  in  ;  repeat  it  a  second 
time.  It  is  a  repellant  to  water,  and  keeps  th©\ 
work  in  its  place.  For  leather  that  has  not  been 
oiled,  add  to  three  ounce*^  of  rozin,  one  ounce  of 
ei  s-wax,  ai.d  half  an  ounce  of  tviliow. 


4  rSErUL    RECEIPTS. 

Zd.  To  make  Famish  Jor  Leather. 

TAKE  three  ounces  of  gum  shellack  made  fine, 
and  one  ounce  and  a  half  of  V(;nicc  turpentine,  put 
them  into  one  pint  of  double  rectified  spirits  of  wine^ 
place  the  bottle  in  hot  sand  or  water  for  six  hours, 
shake  it  often,  and  apply  it  with  a  soft  brush  or  the 
fingers  when  blood  warm.  Repeat  it  three  or  four 
times  in  the  course  of  twelve  hours. 


(■®  ^3i 


2d.  To  prepare  Feathers^  Fur  and  Hair^  to   receive 
Red,   Yellow  or  Green. 

THIS  preparation  is  necessary  as  the  oil  must 
be  extracted  previous  to  colouring.  For  one  ounce 
of  feathers,  take  one  quart  of  water,  add  to  it  one 
gill  of  sour  wheat  bran  water,  one  ounce  of  cream 
of  tartar,  and  half  an  ounce  of  allum  ;  simmer  this 
together  ;  then  after  the  featliers  are  washed  and 
rinced,  put  them  in,  let  it  stand  twelve  hours,  keep- 
ing the  liquor  hot. 

N.  B.  White  only  will  receive  the  above  colours. 

^ 

Ath.  To  Colour  Feathers,  Fur,  l2'c.  Red. 
TAKE  half  an  ounce  of  cocliineal  made  fine,  mix 


tJSEPl't   RECEIPTS.  'S 

it  \vith  an  ounce  and  an  half  of  cream  of  tartar  to 
one  quart  of  \vater  ;  when  simmering  hot,  add  a 
•tea'spoon-fuU,  let  it  stand  ten  minutes,  then  put  it 
in  the  feathers,  and  so  on  each  ten  minutes,  until 
exhausted.  In  all  colouring,  the  dye  must  not  be 
crowded,  and  soft  water  must  be  used.  After  the 
v/hole  of  the  colouring  is  in,  let  it  stand  fifteen  min- 
utes, then  rince  them  in  clear  water  ;  whilst  in  the 
dye.  five  or  six  drops  of  aqua  fortis  may  not  be  a- 
missj  ab  it  sets  the  colour  more  on  the  scarlet. 


5i/!.   To  Colrur  Feathers,  Fur.,  Ealr,  dnd  iVoollen  or 
Silk,  Blue,  of  any  sh^de. 

NO  preparation  is  neces^sary  except  Avashing  arid 
rincint^.  To  eight  ounces  of  oil  of  vitriol,  add  one 
ounce  of  indigo  made  fine,  a  tea-spoonfull  of  each 
■  six  or  eight  minutes,  thake  it  often  ;  it  must  stand 
two  or  three  days  before  it  is  fit  for  use  ;  indeed  the 
longer  it  stands  the  better  :  one  tea-spoonful  of  this 
to  one  quart  of  water,  when  hot  as  is  convenient  for 
fiesh  to  bear,  make  an  azure  blue  ;  by  adding  ordi- 
minishing,  any  shade  is  produced.  It  is  not  re- 
commended for  woollen,  except  for  women's  fight 
wear,  stockings,  h<.c.  as  the  colour  is  not  very  du- 
rable on  the  wool.  Those  light  articles  being  easi- 
ly re-celouredj  it  will  l)e  found  the  most  convenient 
L    2 


6  tSEFL'L    RECEIPTS. 

and  expeditious  method  of  colouring,  as  ten  or  fif- 
teen minutes  is  sufficient  for  any  of  the  above  arti- 
cles to  colour.  It  is  also  very  useful  to  revive  old 
dye  that  has  decayed  ;  also,  a  few  drops  put  into 
rincing  water  for  silk,  stockings,  8cc.  gives  the  pri- 
mitive clearness.  I  am  sure,  if  the  use  of  this  was 
known,  that  scarce  a  family  would  be  found  without 
a  phial  of  it  in  their  house. 


-4- 


&th.  To  Colour  Feathers^  iS'c.   Ydlo-u)  and  Green. 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick,  chip  it  fine,  boil  it 
in  two  gallons  of  water  four  hours,  keeping  the  quan- 
tity of  water  ;  then  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  one 
ounce  of  curkemy  root,  and  an  ounce  ofallum  ;  boil 
the  two  gallons  to  two  quarts,  let  tlie  feathers  lie  in 
the  dye  one  hour  to  make  them  green  ;  add  two 
tea-spoonfuls  of  the  oil  of  vitriol  and  indigo.  They 
require  to  be  only  rinccd  after  cojouring. 


7l/i.  To  Colour  Feathers,  Is'c.  Black, 

THIS  is  the  most  difficult  colour  to  set.  The 
feathers  must  lay  in  a  preparatory  liquor  twelve 
liours  ;  as  follows — ^To  each  quart  of  water,  add 
one  tea-spoonful  of  aqua  fortis,  it  must  be  kept  hot 


USEFUL    RECBIPTS.  7 

the  whole  of  the  time  :  then,  for  three  ounces  of 
feathers,  take  two  pounds  of  logwood  chipped  fine, 
and  one  pound  of  common  sumac,  put  these  into 
three  gallons  of  water  in  an  iron  kettle,  boil  it  four 
or  five  hours,  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  two  ounc- 
es of  English  nutgalls  pounded  fine  ;  boil  the  three 
gallons  to  three  quarts,  then  put  in  the  feathers,  let 
them  be  twelve  hours  ;  then  take  three  ounces  of 
copperas,  and  oife  ounce  of  verdigrease  made  fine, 
put  them  into  half  a  pint  of  urine,  and  stir  it  on  a 
moderate  fire  ten  or  twelve  minutes  ;  put  this  to 
the  dye,  it  will  set  the  colour  ;  let  them  be  in 
twelve  hours  more,  then  they  must  be  washed  or 
rinced  perfectly  clean.  It  is  possible  that  hatters 
and  others  who  deal  in  black,  may  find  something 
in  this  to  their  advantage. 


8.'A.   To  Lacker  Brass  and  Tin-irare. 

TAKE  gum  gamboge  one  ounce,  make  it  fine, 
put  it  into  fovir  ounces  spirits  of  wine,  let  it  be  kept 
wavm  four  hours  :  the  method  of  using  it  for  small 
ware,  such  as  buckles  for  harness,  &c.  put  them  on 
a  piece  of  sheet  iron,  heat  them  hissing  hot,  then 
dip  them  in  the  lacker  one  at  a  time,  as  fast  as  you 
please.     For  large  work,  let  the  ware  be  heated,  ap« 


8  t'«t:Ft'L    RECElPTt. 

ply  the  lacker  with  a  fine  i«nish  :  it  gives   a  most 
beaiuiiul  yellow. 


Oih.  To  make  Oil-Cbthfor  Hats^  Vmbrellus^  isfc. 

TAKE  one  pint  of  linseed  oil,  add  one  ounce  spi- 
rits of  wine,  one  ounce  of  litharge  of  gold,  and  one 
ounce  of  sugar  of  lead,  simmer  them  together  hall" 
an  hour  ;  take  persian  or  sarsnet,  tack  it  within  a 
frame,  a  common  case  knife  is  used  in  laying  on 
the  oil ;  tATicc  going  over  is  sufncient. 


.^- 


\Oth.   To  make  Oil-doth  for  Cat'/iets. 

To  one  gill  of  dissolved  glue,  add  one  gill  of  ho- 
ney, and  one  pint  of  water,  simmer  these  togetii- 
er,  stir  in  it  five  or  six  ounces  of  Spanish  white  ; 
the  cloth  being  tacked  as  above,  rub  this  on  till  the 
pores  are  filled.  If  the  paint  be  properly  prepared, 
it  will  neither  break  nor  peal  ofT. 


-i?y- 


l\tk.   To  boil  Oil  for  Painting. 
TO  one  gallon  of  oil,  add  one  ounce  of  white  vit- 


VhnrVL    RECEIPTS.  » 

riol,  and  an  ounce  of  sugar  of  lead,  a  quai  ter  at  a 
lime  ;  boil  one  hour. 


^ . 

I2l/t,  To  make  Stone  Colour. 

TO  fourteen  pounds  of  white  lead,  add  five 
pounds  of  yellow  ochre,  and  one  ounce  of  ivory 
black. 


■    13?A.   To  make  Pearl  Cslour, 

TO  twelve  pounds  of  ^Yhite  lead,  add  one  pound 
of  stone  yellow,  half  an  ounce  of  Prussian  blue,  and 
two  ounces  of  white  vitriol  to  dry  the  paint,  Vit- 
riol is  used  in  all  paints  for  drying. 

— 4r — • 


lith.  To  make  deep  Blue, 

TO  three  pounds  of  white  lead,  add  one  ounce  of 
Prussian  blue* 


iOi  USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

ISth.  To  make  Sea  Grcefi. 

To  two  pounds  of  stone  yellew,  add  one  ounce  oi 
Prussian  blue. 


\6th.   Verdigrease  Green. 

TO  one  pound  of  verdigrease,  add  two  ounces 
6f  white  lead. 

\7th.  Orange  Colour  for  Carpets. 

TO  four  pounds  of  stone  yellow,  add  two  pounds 
of  red  lead. 


18 /A.  To  Slack  Verdigrease. 

TAKE  a  ket'ile  of  hot  wet  sand,  wrap  four  or 
five  ounces  of  verdigrease  in  a  cabbage  leaf,  put  as 
many  of  those  parcels  in  the  sand  as  is  convenient, 
leaving  two  or  three  inches  between;  let  them  be 
in  four  hours,  keeping  the  sand  hot.  The  verdi- 
grease being  thus  slacked,  a  man  may  grind  three 
times  the  quantity  in  a  day  as  of  unslacked. 


I 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS.  11 

\9t/i.  To  make  Ver7tiilUon. 

TAKE  of  quick-siiver  eighteen  pounds,  of  flow- 
ers of  sulphur  six  pounds  ;  melt  the  sulphur  in  an 
earthen  pot,  and  pour  in  the  quick-silver  gradual- 
ly, being  also  gently  -warmed,  and  stir  them  mcU  to- 
gether with  the  small  end  of  a  tobacco  pipe.  But 
if  from  the  effervescence,  on  adding  the  latter  quan- 
t^ity  of  quick-silver,  they  take  fire,  extinguish  it  by 
throwing  a  wet  cloth  (v/hich  should  be  hiid  ready) 
over  the  vessel.  When  the  mass  is  cold,  powder 
it,  so  that  the  several  parts  may  be  well  mixed  to- 
gether. Bijt  it  is  not  nece;:sary  to  reduce  it,  by  nicer 
levigation,  to  an  impalpable  state.  Having  then 
prepared  an  oblong  glass  body,  or  sublimer,  by  coat- 
ing it  well  with  fire,  lute  over  the  whole  surface  of 
the  glass,  and  working  a  pi'oper  rim  of  the- sanie  51- 
around  it,  by  which  it  may  be  hung  in  a  furnace,  in 
such  a  manner  that  one  half  of  it  may  be  exposed  to 
the  fire,  fix  it  in  a  proper  furnace,  and  let  the  pow« 
dered  mass  be  put  into  it,  so  as  to  nearly  fill  the 
part  that  is  within  the  furnace,  a  piece  of  broken  tile 
being  laid  over  the  mouth  of  the  glass.  Sublime, 
then,  tlie  contents,  with  as  strong  a  heat  as  may  be 
used  without  blowing  the  fumes  of  the  Vermillion 
put  of  the  mouth  of  the  sublimer.  When  the  sub- 
limation is  over,  which  may  fee  perceived  by  the  a- 
batement  of  the  heat  towards  the  top  of  the  bod  ', 
^scontinue  the  fire  j  and,  after  the  bo,dy  is  cold, 


|i  USEfUL    RECElPTSj 

take  it  out  of  the  furnace,  and  break  it ;  then  col- 
lect together  all  the  parts  of  the  sublimed  cake,  se- 
parating carefully  from  them  any  dross  that  may 
have  been  left  at  the  bottom  of  the  body,  as  also  any 
lighter  substance  that  may  have  been  formed  in  the 
neck,  and  appears  to  be  dissimilar  to  the  rest.  I.e- 
yigate  the  more  perfect  part  ;  and,  when  reduced 
to  a  fine  powder,  it  will  be  Vermillion  proper  for 
use  ;  but  on  the  perfectncss  of  the  levigation  de- 
pends, in  a  great  degree,  the  brightness  and  good- 
ness of  the  vermillion.  Inoi'der,  therefore,  toper- 
form  this,  it  is  necessaay  that  two  or  three  milis,  of 
different  closeness  shovild  be  employed,  and  the  last 
should  be  of  steel,  and  set  as  finely  as  possible. 


^Qt/i.  Of  Rose  Lake,  co7nmonly  called  Hose  Pink, 

TAKE  Brazil  wood  six  pounds,  or  three  pounds 
of  Brazil  and  three  pounds  of  peachy  wood.  Boil 
them  an  hour  with  three  gallons  of  water,  in  which 
a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum  is  dissolved.  Purify 
then  the  fluid  by  straining  through  flannel,  and  put 
back  tlie  wood  into  the  boiler  with  the  same  quanti- 
ty of  allum,  and  proceed  as  before  ;  repeating  this 
a  third  time.  Mix  then  the  three  quantities  of 
tincture  together,  and  evaporate  them  till  only  two 
quarts  of  fluid  remain.  Prepare  in  the  mean,  time, 
eight  pounds  of  chalk,  by  washing  over  ;  a  pound 


I 


VSEFUL   BECEIPTS.  .         13 

of  allum  being;  put  into  the  water  used  for  that  pur- 
pose, which,  after  the  chalk  is  washed,  must  be 
poured  off,  and  supphed  by  a  fresh  quantity,  till  the 
chalk  be  freed  from  the  salt  fonned  by  the  allum  ; 
after  which,  it  must  be  dried  to  the  consistence  of 
stiff  clay.  The  chalk  and  tincture,  as  above  pre- 
pared, must  be  then  well  mixed  together  by  grind- 
ing, and  aftenvards  laid  out  to  dry,  whei'e  neither 
the  sun  nor  cold  air  can  reach  it  ;  though  if  it  can 
be  conveniently  done,  a  gentle  heat  may  be  used. 

The  goodness  of  rose  pink  lies  chiefly  in  the 
brightness  of  the  colour  and  fineness  of  the  sub- 
stance ;  which  last  quality  depends  on  the  washing 
well  the  chalk.  The  more  the  hue  of  rose  pink 
verges  on  the  true  crimson,  that  is  to  say,  the  less 
purple  it  is,  the  greater  its  value. 

4, 

21.  FOR  PRUSSIAjY  BLUE, 

TAKE  of  blood  any  quantity,  and  evaporate  it  to 
perfect  dryness.  Of  this  dry  blood  powdered  take 
six  pounds,  of  the  best  pearl-ashes  two  pounds  ; 
mix  them  well  together  in  a  glass  or  stone  mortar, 
and  then  put  the  mixed  matter  into  large  crucibles 
or  earthen  pots,  and  calcine  it  in  a  furaace,  the  top 
of  the  crucible  or  pot  being  covered  with  a  tile,  or 

u 


14  rSEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

Other  such  convenient  thing,  but  not  luted.    The 
calcination  should  be  continued  so  long  as  any  flame 
nppears  to  issiie  from  the  matter,  or  rather  till  the 
flame  becomes  very  slender  and  blue  ;  for  if  the  fire 
be  very  strong,  a  small  flame  would  arise  for  a  ve- 
ry long  time,  and  a  great  part  of  the  tinging   mat- 
ter would  be  dissipated  and  lost.     When  the  matter 
has  been  sufliciently  calcined,  take  the  vessels  which 
contain  it  out  of  the  fire,  and  as  quickly  as  possible 
throw  it  into  two  or  three  gallons  of  water  ;  and  as 
it  soaks  thej'e,  break  it  with  a  vvooden  spatula,  that 
no  lumps  may  remain  ;  put  it  then  in  a  proper  tin 
vessel,  and  boil  it  for  the  space  of  three  quarters  of 
an  hour  or  more.     Filter  it  while  hot  through  paper, 
and  pass  some  water  through  the  filter  when  it  is? 
run  dry,  to  wash  out  thei'cmainder  of  the  lixiviuni 
of  the  blood  and  pearl-ashes  :  the  earth  remaining 
in  the  filter  may  be  then  thrpwn  away.  In  the  mean 
time,  dissolve  of  clean  ailum  four   pounds,  and  of 
green  vitriol  or  copperas  two  pounds,  in  three  gal- 
lons of  water  :  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  fil- 
tered lixivium,  so  long  as  any  eflervescence  appears 
to  arise  on  the  mixture  ;  but  when  no  ebullition  or 
ferment  follows  the  admixture,  cease  to  put  in  more. 
Let  the   mixture  then  stand  at  rest,  and  a  green 
powder  will  be  precipitated  ;  from  which,  when  it 
has  thoroughly  subsided,  the  clear  part  of  the  fluid 
must  be  poured  off,  and  fresh  water  put-in  its  place, 
c\nd  stirred  well  about  with  the  green  powder  ;  and 


tSEftJL    kECEII'TS.  J  J 

aiter  a  proper  time  of  settling,  this  wMer  n-,ust  be 
poured  off  like  the  fir?^.  Take  thenoC  spirits  of 
salt,  double  the  weight  of  the,  green,  vitriol,  -which 
was  contained  in  the  quantity  of  solution  of  vitriol 
and  allum  added  to  the  lixivunn,  which  will  soon 
turn  the  green  matter  to  a  bliae  colour  ;  and  after 
some  time,  add  a  proper  q^uantity  of  water,  and 
wash  the  colour  in  the  same  manner  as  has  been 
directed  for  lake,  he.  and  when  properly  washed, 
'proceed  in  the  same  maune**-  to  dry  it  in  lumps  of 
convenient  size. 

IT  is  necessary,  in  all  painthif^,  that  all  paints, 
when  mixed  together  with  the  oil,  to  grind  it  till  it 
15  a  perfect  salve,  so  as  when  you  rub  it  between 
your  fingers  you  cannot  feel  any.  roughness  with  it, 
but  feel  perfectly  smooth  as  oil  ;  then  it  is  p;round  fit 
for  use — then  add  oil,  and  stir  it  together  what  is  ne- 
cessary, or  according  to  youv  liking.  Oil  n^iust  be 
bailed  in  all  painting. 

-^ — ^ 

22.   FOR  MJKIJ^G  Bh4CK  IKK. 

TAKE  one  quart  of  rain  water,  or  water  with 
ripe  walnut  shooks  soaked  in  it,  or  the  v/atcr  soaked 
with  oak  saw  dust  ;  strain  it  oft" dean,  then  add  one 
qxiarter  of  a  poimd  of  the  best  blue  galls,  two  our^- 
ces  of  good  copperas,  and  two  ounces  of  gum  ara- 


16  tJSEfL'L   AECEII'TS. 

bic  ;  put  it  in  a  bottle,  stop  tight,  then  shake  it  well 
every  day  till  the  ink  is  fit  for  use — but  the  older  the 
better.  The  above  articles  must  all  be  pulverised, 
before  they  are  applied  to  the  water. 

To  keep  ink  from  freezing,  apply  a  little  spirits 
of  any  kind.  To  keep  ink  fron:a  moulding,  apply  a 
little  salt  therein. 


■4- 


23.    FOR  RED  IJ^K. 

TAKE  three  pints  of  sour  beer  (rather  than  vine- 
gar) and  four  ounces  of  ground  brazil-wood  ;  sim- 
mer them  together  for  an  hour  ;  then  strain  off  and 
bottle,  weU  stopped,  for  use. 

Or  you  may  dissolve  half  an  ounce  of  gum  Sene- 
gal, or  arable,  in  half  a  pint  of  water  ;  then  put  in  a 
penny  worth  of  vermillion  ;  put  into  a  small  earth- 
en vessel  and  pour  the  gum  water  to  it,  and  stir  it 
well  till  it  is  well  mixed  together,  and  it  will  be  fit 
for  use  in  twenty-four  hours — but  requires  stirring 
before  using,  in  the  same  manner  and  form.  You 
may  make  it  from  any  other  coloured  ink,  as  blucj 
gi'cen,  yellow,  purple;  £cc. 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 


17 


24.     MEMOIR 
On  a  mel/iod  of  Painting  with  Milk— by  A.  A,  Cw 
dct  dc  faux  :    Member  of  the  Academical  Society 
of  Sciences,~-From  the  "  Decade  Fhilosojihique»'^ 

I  PUBLISHED  in  the  "  Feuille  de  Cultiva- 
feur,"  but  at  a  time  when  the  thoughts  of  every  one 
were  absorbed  by  the  pubUc  misfortunes,  a  singu- 
lar economical  process  for  painting,  which  the  want 
of  materials  induced  me  to  substitute  instead  of 
piiinting  in  distemper. 

Take  skimmed  milk,  tAvo  quarts. 

Fresli  slacked  lime,  six  ounces. 

Oil  of  carraway,  or  linseed,  or  nut,  four  ounces, 

Spaftish  Avhite,  five  ounces. 

Put  the  lime  into  a  vessel  of  stone  wai'e,  and  pour 
upon  it  a  sufficient  quantity  of  milk  to  make  a 
smooth  mixture  ;  then  add  the  oil  by  degrees,  stir- 
ring the  mixture  with  a  small  wooden  spatula  ;  then 
add  the  remainder  of  the  milk,  and  finally  the  Spa- 
ish  white.  Skimmed  milk,  in  summer,  is  often 
curdled  ;  hut  this  is  of  no  consequence  to  our  pur- 
pose, as  its  fluidity  is  soon  restored  by  its  contact 
"wtth  lime.  It  is-,  however,  absolutely  necessary 
that'  it  should  not  be  sovn'  ;  for  in  that  case  it  would 
form  with  the  lime  a  kind  of  calcareous  acetite,  sus- 
ceptible of  attracting  moisture. 

The  lime  is  slacked  by  plunging  it  into  water, 
drawing  it  out,  at^d  leaving  it  to  fall  to  pieces  in  the 

Ma 


18  ;;3EFUL  RECEIPIS. 

all".  Itisinclifferentwhich  of  the  three  oils  above- 
mentioned  we  use  ;  however,  for  painting  white,  the 
oil  of  carraway  is  to  be  preferred,  as  it  is  colourless. 
For  painting  the  ochres,  the  commonest  lamp  oil  may 
be  used.  The  oil,  when  mixed  with  the  milk  and 
lime,  disappears  ;  being  entirely  dissolved  by  the 
lime,  with  which  it  forms  a  calcareous  soap.  The 
Spanish  white  must  be  crumbled,  and  gently  spread 
upon  the  surface  of  the  liquid,  which  it  gradually 
imbibes,  and  at  last  sinks  ;  it  must  then  be  stired 
with  a  stick.  This  paint  is  coloured  like  distemper, 
with  charcoal  levigated  in  water,  yellow  ochre.  Sec. 
It  is  used  in  the  same  manner  as  distemper.  The 
quantity  above  mentioned  is  sufficient  for  painting 
the  first  layer  of  six  taises,  or  fathoms. 

One  of  the  properties  of  my  paint,  which  we  may 
term  milk  distemper  paint,  is,  that  it  will  keep  for 
whole  months,  and  req\iire  neither  lime  nor  iire,  nor 
even  manipulation  ;  in  ten  minutes  we  may  prepare 
enough  of  it  to  paint  a  whole  house.  One  may  sleep 
in  a  chamber  the  night  after  it  has  been  painted.  A 
single  coating  is  sufficient  for  places  that  have  alrea- 
<Jy  been  painted.  It  is  not  necessary  to  lay  on  two, 
•unless  where  grease  spots  repel  the  first  coating  ; 
these  should  be  removed  by  v/ashing  them  witlx 
strong  lime  wuter  or  a  ley  of  soap,  or  scraped  off. 

New  wood  requires  two  coatings.  One  coating 
is  sufScient  for  a  stfvir-case,  passage,  gr  cieling.    I 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS.  15^ 

have  since  given  a  far   greater  degree  of  solidity  to* 
this  metliod  of  painting  :  for  it  has  been  my  aim^ 
not  only  to  substitute  it  in  the  place  of  painting  ia 
distemper,but  also  of  oil  paint. 


23.  Resinous  Milk  Paint. 

FOR  work  out  of  doors  I  add  to  the  propoitions 
of  the  milk  distemper  painting,  two  ounces  of 
slacked  lime,  two  ounces  of  oil,  and  two  ounces  of 
white  Burgundy  pitch.  The  pitch  is  to  be  melted 
in  oil  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  added  to  the  smooth 
mixture  of  milk  and  oil.  In  cold  weather  the  milk 
t)ught  to  be  warmed  to  prevent  its  cooling  the  pitch 
two  suddenly,  and  to  facilitate  its  union  with  the 
milk  of  lime.  This  painting  has  some  analogy 
with  that  known  by  the  name  of  encaustic. 

I  have  employed  the  resinous  milk  paint  for  out- 
side window  shutters,  that  had  been  previously  been 
painted  with  oil.  The  cheapness  of  the  articles  for 
this  paint,  makes  it  an  important  object  for  those 
people  that  have  large  wooden  houses  and  fences.— 
An  experiment  has  been  made  with  this  paint  in  this 
country,  and  it  at  present  appears  to  answer  per- 
Tectly  the  disCription  of  the  inven'tor» 


29  USEFUL  KEtEtfTS. 

2S.  Jn  easy  and  chea/i   Method  to   stain  Cherr^s 
a  Mahogany  Colour. 

TAKE  common  v.hitewash  of  lime  and  water, 
>vhite  wash  the  wood,  let  it  stand  perhaps  twenty- 
four  hours,  then  rub  it  off,  after  polishing  the  wood 
apply  linseed  oil.  By  usuig  a  small  piece  of  wood 
you  may  find  when  the  colour  suits. 


2r.  To  Stain  any  kind  of  White-Wood  a  Dark  Es.l. 

TAKE  two  ounces  of  drugs  called  dragon's  blood, 
make  it  fine  ;  put  it  into  a  pint  of  double-rectified 
spirits  of  wine  ;  let  it  stand  six  or  seven  days,  sliake 
it  often,  brush  it  on  the  wood  till  the  shade  suits. 

4. 

28.   To  make  GrecJi,  or  any  kind  of  Wfule    Wood, 

TAKE  a  yellow  liquor  as  described  in  receipt 
6th,  add  the  vitriol  and  indigo,  less  or  more,  to 
make  what  shade  is  wanted.  In  all  shades,  it  is  ne- 
cessary to'  repeat  colouring  three  or  four  times, 
leaving  time  for  the  wood  to  dry  betwixt  each  co- 
louring ;  the  colour  grows  darker  by  standing.— 
The  wood  will  not  do  to  varnish  short  of  six  or  se- 
Ten  days  after  staining. 


1 


VSEFUt  RECEIPTS.  Si 

29.  To  make  a  Cherry  Red,  on  llliite  Wood  of  any 
kind. 

TAKE  of  the  brightest  of  logwood  two  pounds, 
boil  out  the  strength,  take  out  the  chips,  add  a  table 
spoonful  of  the  raspings  of  gallant  gill  root,  boil  this 
one  hour,  stain  the  dye  and  boil  it  down  to  one  quar- 
ter of  the  quantity  ;  brush  it  on  the  wood  when  hotj 
repeat  it  till  the  colour  suits'. 


^- 


30.  To  stain  White  Wood  the  colour  of  Mahogany, 
or  Black  Walnuts 

TAKE  logwood  liquor,  as  described  in  No.  7,  be- 
fore the  dye  is  set,  then  add  to  one  gallon  of  water 
eight  ounces  of  madder,  let  it  stand  twelve  hours, 
keeping  it  warm,  strain  it  off,  then  mix  it  with  an 
equal  quantity  of  the  logwood  liquor  ;  it  is  applied 
as  other  stains. 

^ 

31.  Tlie  best  Red  Stain  for  Wood, 

THIS  is  made  by  boiling  two  pounds  of  redwood 
in  two  gallons  of  water,  in  the  same  manner  as  log- 
wood, 8cc.  is  boiled  ;  it  is  necessary  to  boil  this  in 
brass :  when  boiled  down  to  a  proper  quantity,  add 


32  USEFUL   AiCCKlM'S. 

one  ounce  of  cochineal,  and  two  ounces  of  crtana  of 
tartar  made  fine  ;  boil  this  half  an  hour,  or  till  there 
is  but  one  quart  of  the  liquor  ;  apply  it  warm,  and 
ackl  jv  tea-spooiiful  of  aqua  foriis. 


3-2.  To  stain   WoQck  Blaxk. 

TAKE  Iog\#ood  liqnor  to  give  the  groimd  work, 
then  take  two  ounces  of  English  nutgalls  made  fine, 
put  this  in  one  quart  of  water,  let  it  stand  four 
days,  shake  it  often,  then  brush  it  ou>  three  or  four 
times  ;  when  almost  dry,  rub  it  over  two  or  three 
times  with  strong  copperas  water  ;  like  other  stains 
it  grows  darker  by  standing. 


33,  To  colour  Hats  Green  on  the  zindcr  aide. 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick,  chip  it  fine,  put  it 
into  two  gallons  of  soft  water,  boll  it  four  hours  in 
brass,  keeping  nearly  the  quantity  of  water ;  take 
out  the  ohips,  add  two  ounces  of  curkerhy  root,  and 
one  ounce  of  allum  ;  boil  this  to  three  pints,  brush 
this  on  the  hats  twice  over,  then  add  to  one  quart 
of  this  yellow  liquor,  three  tea-spconfuls  of  the  in- 
digo and  vitriol,  (as  mentioHed  in  a  former  receipt) 


USEFUL   KECEIPTS.  ?$ 

^his  'Will  make  it  green,  brush  this  on  the  hat  two 
pr  three  times,  leaving  lime  between  for  the  hat  to 
be  nearly  dry. 


34.   Varnish  for  Wood  either  Stained  or  Painted. 

THIS  is  made  the  same  as  in  receipt  2d,  except, 
instead  of  three  ounces  of  gum  shcHack,  take  of  it 
one  ounce  and  a  half,  and  one  ounce  and  a  half  of 
gum  sandrick  ;  it  must  be  laid  with  t  soft  brush, 
and  several  times  repeated  ;  after  it  has  stood'  three 
or  four  days,  take  rotten  stone  made  fine  and  sifted, 
mix  it  with  v/ater,  then  with  a  sponge  or  soft  liuepj 
f ub  it  on  till  sufiiciently  polished. 

35.   Varnish. 

AN  excellent  varnish  has  recently  been  discover- 
ed, made  of  one  part  of  sandarac  not  pulverised,  and 
two  parts  of  spirits  of  wine,  made  cold  and  thp  solu- 
tion promoted  by  frequent  shaking. 

AS  the  method  of  preparing  Copal  Varnish,  is 
generally  kept  secret  by  those  who  are  acquainted 
jvith  it,  and  as  a  tradesman  who  is  desirous  of 


%i  WSEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

knowing  h,  is  obliged  to  give  some  times  an  hun- 
dred dollars  to  another,  to  let  him  into  the  secret, 
and  that  upon  condition  of  not  imparting  it  to  any 
body  else— the  following  to  some  may  not  be  unac- 
ceptable- 

56.  To  make  ./imber  or  Cofial  Vamisk: 

TAKE  of  white  rosin  four  drachms,  melt  it  over 
R  fire  in  a  glazed  vessel,  after  which  put  in  two 
ounces  of  the  Avhitest  amber  you  can  get,  finely  pow- 
dered :  this  last  is  to  be  put  in  gradually,  stirring  it 
all  the  while  with  a  small  stick  over  a  gentle  fire, 
till  it  dissolves  ;  pouring  in  now  and  then  a  little  oil 
of  turpentine,  as  you  find  it  growing  stiff,  and  con- 
tinue this  till  your  amber  is  melted.  When  the 
varnish  has  been  thus  made,  pour  it  into  a  coarse 
linen  bag,  and  press  it  between  tw  o  hot  boards  of 
oak,  or  flat  plates  of  iron.  Great  care  must  be  ta- 
ken in  making  the  varnish,  to  not  set  the  house  on 
fire  ;  for  the  vapour  of  the  oil  of  turpentine  will  e- 
-ven  take  fire  by  heat. — If  it  should  happen  so  to  do, 
immediately  cover  the  pot  with  a  board  or  any  thing 
that  will  suffocate  it  j  by  which  means  it  will  be  put 
put. 


USEFUL   RECEIPTS.  25 

o7.  ACQUPosi-rios  for  cii-ing  a  beaui'iful  Po- 

ZISH  to  MAHOGASr  FURNlVURE. 

DISSOLVE  bees-wax  (equal  parts)  in  oil  of 
turpentine,  until  the  mixture  attain  the  consistency 
of  paste, — After  the  wood  intended  to  be  poUshed 
is  well  cleansed,  let  it  be  thinly  covered  with  the  a- 
bove  composition,  and  well  rubbed  with  a  piece  of 
oil  carpet,  until  no  dirt  will  adhere  to  its  surface. 


38.       To  SOFfEN  SrSEL FOR  EUGRAVING,  ^C. 

MAKE  a  very  strotig  lye,  of  unslacked  lime  and 
\rhite  oak  ashes,  of  each  an  equal  quantity  ;  put  in 
Ihe  steel,  let  it  lay  fourteen  days — it  will  be  so  soft 
as  easily  to  be  cut  with  a  knife. 

— 4.- — 

S9.    The  Chjxese  atethod  for  reader Jifc  Clot's 

WAfER    PROOF. 

TAKE  one  ounce  of  white  wax,  (melted)  add 
one  quart  of  spirits  of  turpentine  ;  when  thorough- 
ly mixed  and  cold,  then  dip  the  cloth  into  the  liquid 
and  hang  it  up  to  dry  till  it  is  thoroughly  dry. 

By  the  above  cheap  and  easy  method,  muslin,  as 
well  as  the  strongest  cloths,  will  be  rendered  quite 

N 


26  USEFUL    RECEinS. 

impenetrable  to  the  hardest  rains  ;  and  that  with- 
out the  ingreclients  used  either  filling  up  the  pores 
ol'the  cloth  or  injuring,  in  the  least,  its  texture,  or 
damaging,  at«all,  the  most  brilliant  colours. 


40.  ji  Beceipt  to  make  an  excellent  American  Wine  ; 
communicated  to  the  Burlington  Society  for  jiromo- 
ting  Agriculture  and  Domestic  Manufactoriet ;  by 
Joseph  Coojier^  es(j.  of  Gloucester  county^  ^-rw- 
Jersey, 

rt'UT  a  quantity  of  the  comb,  from  which  the 
lioney  had  been  drained,  into  a  tub  ;  to  which  I  ad- 
ded a  barrel  of  cider  immediately  from  the  press  ; 
This  niixture  was  av^U  stirred,  and  left  to  soak  for 
one  night.  It  was  then  strained,  before  a  fermen- 
tation had  taken  place  ;  and  honey  was  added  until 
the  strength  of  the  liquor  was  sufficient  to  bear  an 
egg.  It  was  then  put  into  a  barrel  ;  and  after  \.\\% 
fermentation  commenced,  the  cask  was  filled  every- 
day, for  three  or  four  days,  that  the  filth  might  work 
cut  of  the  bung  hole.  When  the  fermentation  mo- 
derated, I  put  the  bung  in  loosely,  lest  stopping  it 
tight  might  cause  the  cask  to  burst.  At  the  end  of 
five  or  six  weeks  the  liquor  was  drawn  off  into  a 
tub,  and  the  white  of  eight  eggs,  well  beat  up,  with 
a  pint  of  clean  sand,  were  put  into  it. — I  then  addec] 
a  gallon  of  cider  spirit ;  and  after  mixing  the  whole 


f  !>EFfL    RKCEIF  IS. 


21 


togeOier,  I  remrned  it  into  the  cask,  which  was  well 
cleansed,  buagcd  it  ligiu,  and  placed  it  in  a  propel' 
situation  for  rackmc;-  off  when  fine.  In  the  month 
of  April  following-,  I  drew  it  oS'  into  kegs,  lor  use  ; 
and  found  it  equal,  in  my  opinion,  to  almost  any  for- 
eign wine.  In  the  opinion  of  many  judges,  it  was 
superiour. 

This  success  has  induced  me  to  repeat  the  exper- 
iment for  three  years  ;  and  I  am  persuaded,  that 
by  using  the  clean  honey,  instead  of  the  comb,  asa- 
bove  described,  such  an  impi-ovement  might  be 
made,  as  would  enable  the  citizens  of  the  U.  States 
to  supply  themselves  with  a  truly  federal  and  whol- 
some  wine,  which  Avould  not  cost  one  quarter  of  a 
dollar  per  gallon,  were  all  ^he  ingredients  procured 
at  the  market  price  ;  and  would  have  this  peculiar 
advantage  over  every  other  wine  hitherto  attempted 
in  this  country,  that  it  contains  no  foreign  mixture, 
but  is  made  from  ingredients  produced  on  our  own 
farms. 

By  order  of  the  Society, 

Wm.  Coxe,  jun.  Secretary, 


^ • 

41.     Wonderful  Cure  of  the  Dropsy^  btj  Dwarf  Elder* 
Fritm  the  Massachusetts  Magazirie. 

SOME  years  ago,  when  the  invalids  from  Chel- 
sea were  ordered  to  garrison  at  Portsmouth,  there 


•28  USLFVL    RECEIPTS. 

Tfas  among  them  a  man  grievously  afflicted  with 
the  dropsy.  He  had  already  become  so  umvieldy  as 
to  be  rendered  incapable  of  doing  any  thing  whatso- 
ever, and  was  at  last  so  corpulent  tljat  he  could  pro- 
cure no  clothes  to  fit  him. 

In  this  critical  situation,  an  herb  doctor  chanced 
to  come  by,  and  seeing  the  man  in  that  situation, 
said,  '  Well,  friend,  what  will  you  give  me  if  I  cure 
you  ?'  The  poor  object,  (who  had  already  spent 
nearly  the  sum  of  forty  pounds  on  the  medical  gen- 
tlemen, without  relief)  eyeing  the  doctor  with  a  look 
of  contempt,  scarce  vouchsafed  to  return  him  for 
answer,  that  his  cure  was  impossible — and  was  pre- 
paring to  leave  him,  when  the  doctor,  stopping  him, 
offered  to  cure  him  for  a  glass  of  rum.  So  extra- 
ordinary a  proposal  did  not  fail  to  awaken  the  atten- 
tion of  the  man,  who  considered  the  extreme  reason- 
ableness of  the  demand,  followed  the  doctor,  Avith- 
out  speaking  a  word,  into  his  laboratory,  who  taking 
out  a  bottle  containing  a  black  liquid,  presented  it 
to  his  patient,  telling  him  to  drink  it  off  that  day,  and 
"vvhen  gone,  to  fetch  his  bottle  for  more. 

Upon  a  curious  examination  of  the  contents  of  the 
bottle,  finding  it  not  unpleasant  to  the  taste,  the 
dropsical  man  wisely  concluded  there  could  be  no 
harm  in  it,  if  there  was  no  good  ;  and  accordingly, 
taking  the  bottle,  he  at  night  (though  despairing  of 
success)  ventured  to  drink,  before  he  went  to  bed, 


rSKFUL    RECEIPTS.  29 

about  one  half  of  the  liquor,  and  immecliately  com- 
posed himself  to  rest.  But  he  had  scarcely  been  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  in  bed,  before  the  physic  opera- 
ted so  strongly  that  he  was  obliged  to  get  up  and 
search  for  the  necessary  utensil.  This  was  pres- 
ently filled — upon  which  he  groped  about  for  the 
one  belonging  to  his  comrade,  Avhich,  having  found, 
he  also  filled — and  (strange  to  tell)  a  tub  which  was 
in  the  next  room,  was  nearly  filled. — So  strong  an 
evacuation  of  urine  produced,  as  we  may  well  sup- 
pose, a  very  material  alteration  ;  for  the  next  morn- 
ing he  was  able  to  buckle  his  shoes,  which  he  had 
not  done  for  a  long  time. 

He  did  not  fail  to  call  on  the  doctor  for  a  fresh 
supply,  which  having  obtained,  he  continued  drink- 
ing at  meals,  8cc.  with  such  good  effects,  that  he 
was  completely  cured  in  less  than  a  week. 

A  matter  of  such  importance  could  not  fail  to  at- 
tract the  attention  of  the  whole  regiment,  among 
whom  I  chanced  to  be  an  eye  witness  of  it  ;  and 
asked  him  Avhat  the  liquid  was — he  informed  me 
that  tt  was  a  decoction  made  of  the  leaves  of  dwarf 
elder.     Yours,  8cc. 


42.     CURE  FOR  THE  DROPSY. 

TAKE  a  six  quart  jug  of  eld  hard  cider?  put 

N2 


30  USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

therein  a  pint  of  mustard-seed,  one  doiible-lumd  full 
of  lignum  vitx  shavings,  one  double-haiidfull  of 
horse  radish  roots  ;  let  them  simmer  together,  over 
a  slow  fire,  forty -eight  hours,  when  it  will  be  fit  for 
use.  Take  a  tea-cup  full  of  this  liquid,  three  times 
a  day  ;  and  it  will  work  off  the  disorder  by  urine, 
without  any  trouble  to  the  patient. 

A  most  surprising  instance  of  the  efficacy  of  this 
simple  medicine,  has  lately  taken  place  in  the  case 
of  Mr.  Wm.  Wray,  of  Lunenburg,  who,  from  the 
worst  state  of  the  dropsy,  has  by  it  been  restored  to 
perfect  health. 


-c^ 


PIIOM  A  PHILADELPHIA  PAPER. 

The  Editor  having  received  from  afrieiid  the  foUav- 

iiig  Recipe  for  the   Cure  of  a   Catjcerf  is  induced 

from  the  veracity  of  the  writer^  and  the  ivnfiortance 

of  such  a  remedy  to  man'j  afflicted  individuals^  to 

lay  it  before  the  public . 

43.,iSJFE  JXD    EFFICACIOUS  REMEDY 
FOR  THE  CJACER. 

TAKE  the  narrow  leafed  dock-root,  and  boil  it 
in  water  till  it  be  quite  soft,  then  bathe  the  part  af- 
fected in  the  decoction  as  hot  as  can  be  borne  three 
or  four  times  a  day  ;  the  root  must  then  be  marsh- 
«d  aftd  applied  as  a  poultice. 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 


M 


This  root  has  proved  an  effectual  cure  in  many  in- 
stances.    It  was  first  introduced  by   an  Indian  wo-, 
man,  who  came  to  the  house  of  a  person    in   the 
country,  who  was  much  afflicted  with  a  cancer  in 
her  mouth  ;  the  Indian  perceiving   something  was 
the  matter,  inquired  what  it  was,  and  on  being  in- 
formed, said  she  would  cure  her.     The  woman  con- 
sented to  atrial,  though  with  little  hopes  of  success, 
having  previously  used  many  things  without  receiv- 
ing any  benefit.     The  Indian  went  out  and  soon  re- 
turned with  a  root,  which  she  boiled  and  applied  as 
above,  and  in  a  short  time  a  cure  was  effected.  The 
Indian  was  very  careful  to  conceal  what  these  roots 
were,  and  i^efused  giving  any  information  respecting 
them  ;  but  happening  one  day  to  lay  some  of  them 
down,  and  stepping  out,  the  woman  concealed  one 
of  the  roots,  Avhich  she  planted,  and  soon  discover- 
ed  what  it  was.     Not  long  after,  a  person   in  that 
neighbourhood  being  afflicted  with  the  same  com- 
plaint in  her  face,  she  niformed  her  of  the  remedy, 
and  in  two  weeks  she  was  cured.     Some  time  after, 
a  man   was  cured  of  a  confirmed  cancer  upon  the 
back  of  his, hand  ;  after  suffering  much,  and  being 
unable  to  get  any  rest,  being  told  of  this  rqot,  it  was 
procured  and  prepared  for  him  :  he  dipped  his  hand 
in  the  water  as  hot  as  he  could  bear  it  for  some  time  ; 
the   root  was  then  applied  as  a   poultice,  and   that 
night  he  slept  comfortably,  and  in  two  weeks  his 
hand  was  entirely  cured, 


82  U3E1UL    UECEIPT.S. 

Daniel  Brown's  father,  having  had  a  cancer  in  his 
head,  had  it  cut  out,  and  apparently  healed  ;  but 
some  of  the  roots  remaining,  it  a.jain  broke  out: 
his  doctor  then  informed  him  that  nothing  inore 
could  be  done,  except  burning  it  oiitnith  hot  irons  ; 
this  being  too  harsh  a  remedy  to  submit  to,  he  was 
much  discouraged.  The  dock  root  was  soon  after 
recommended,  and  it  cured  hnii  in  a  short  time, 

In  the  beginning  of  the  winter  of  1798,  a  hard 
Ivimp  appeared  in  the  middle  of  my  under  lip,  and 
in  a  short  time  became  sore  :  it  continued  in  that 
situation  .till  spring,  when  it  increased  and  became 
painful :  I  then  shewed  it  to  a  person  of  skill,  and 
soon  found  he  apprehended  it  to  be  cancerous  ;  af- 
ter two  or  three  different  applications,-  the  complaint 
increased  and  spread  rapidly.  Lot  Trip,  having 
heard  of  my  complaint,  mentioned  this  root — I  call- 
ed on  him  to  know  the  particulars  of  it ;  he  gave  me 
the  necessary  information  :  the  root  was  procured, 
and  used  in  the  manner  above  mentioned,  taking  a 
mouthful  of  water  in  which  the  roots  were  boiled, 
and  let  it  drop  over  my  lips  as  hot  as  I  could  bear 
it  ;  this  I  dird  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  then 
kept  the  root  to  it  a  day  and  a  night ;  and  m  two 
days  the  pain  entirely  left  me,  and  in  two  week*  it 
was  cured. 


USEFUL   RECEIPTS.  3J 

44.  jRemeHyJbr  Cancers* 

BURN  half  a  busl>el  or  three  pecks  of  green  old 
field  red  oak  bark  to  ashes  ;  boil  these  ashes  m 
three  gallons  of  water  until  reduced  to  one  ;  strain 
that  one  gallon  off,  and  boil  it  away  to  a  substance 
sin»ilar  to  butter-milk  or  cream  ;  apply  a  small 
quantity  on  a  piece  of  silk  er  lint  to  the  cancer,  but 
no  larger  than  the  place  or  part  affected.  I  have 
known  two  plaisters  to  effect  a  cure,  where  the  can- 
cer lay  in  a  proper  position  for  the  medicine  imme- 
diately to  peneti-ate  to  the  roots  of  it  ;  otherwise,  it 
may  take  several  plaisters,  as  the  medicine  must  be 
repeated  every  two  hours  until  the  roots  of  the  can- 
cer are  killed  ;  then  apply  healuig  salve,  with  a  lit- 
tle mercurial  ointment  mixed  thereon,  and  dress  it 
twice  a  day  until  cured,  which  will  certainly  be  the 
case  in  twenty  or  thirty  days  at  farthest.  I  have 
known  several  persons  entirely  relieved  by  the 
above  prescription  :  and  one  in  particular,  after 
two  attempts  by  a  skilful  physician  to  remove  the 
cancerous  parts  by  exusion. 

After  being  greatly  alarmed  myself  from  a  can- 
cer about  three  years  ago,  and  having  followed  some 
time  the  directions  of  an  experienced  physician,  I, 
contrary  to  his  orders,  and  notwithstanding  the  fears 
of  my  family,  happily  applied  two  plaisters  of  the 


^4  VSEft'L    RECEIPT*?, 

above  medicine,  and  no  symptoms  o{  it  have  ap- 
peared since. 


45.  Recijiefor  the  Cure  of  the  HydrrAhobla^  or 
the  Bite  of  a  Mud  Dog. 

[By  a  Physician  of  respectability  in  Nevv'-York.] 

,  PLACE  a  blister  on  the  wound  immediately,  the 
sooner  the  better  ;  and  even  if  this  has  been  neg- 
lected till  the  wound  has  healed,  it  is  necessaiy  to 
apply  it  ;  also,  apply  blisters  to  the  inside  of  the  an- 
cles, wrists,  and  between  the  shoulders  of  the  pa- 
tient, keeping  two  running  at  a  time.  Keep  the 
patient  in  the  free  use  of  vinegar,  either  in  food  or 
drink  ;  and  if  he  has  not  got  a  light  room,  make  it 
so  by  hun^jing  up  blankets  ;  then  boil  a  quart  or  two 
of  vinegar,  place  it  in  the  room  of  the  patient  on  a 
dianng-dish  or  kettle  of  coals,  and  let  the  patient 
continue  in  the  room  fifteen  minutes  at  a  time 
morning  and  evening,  and  ofttn  wet  his  ancles,  feet 
and  wrists  with  it. 

Give  him  three  or  four  doses  of  the  following  me- 
dicine in  the  course  of  three  weeks,  that  is,  as  of- 
ten as  one  in  five  or  six  days  : — Calomel  eight 
grains,  native  cinnabar  and  salt  of  amber  each  four 
ounces,  to  each  dose,  to  be  taken  in  the -morning  in 


VSEFUL    RI^CEIPTS.  55 

molasses  ;  also,  give  him  a  decoction  of  tea,  made 
of  sarsapharilla  root  and  guiacum  chips,  (comnicn- 
ly  called  lignum  vitse  dust).  If  the  patient  is  actu- 
ally labouring  under  the  symptomsof  the  hydropho- 
bia, give  the  several  remedies  more  frequently  ;  if 
soon  after  the  bite,  as  above.  If  the  patient  actual- 
ly has  the  disorder,  when  first  attended  to,  repeat 
the  remedies  until  he  I'ecovers  ;  if  immediately  af- 
ter the  bite,  it  will  be  necessaiy  to  attend  him  for 
three  weeks,  which  genfrally  clears  him  from  in- 
fection. His  diet  must  be  light  and  easy  of  diges- 
tion generally,  though  he  may  make  a  moderate 
use  of  animal  food  ;  but  he  must  strictly  avoid  the 
use  of  spirituous  liquors.  The  above  is  the  ge- 
neral plan  I  follow. 

LOT  TRIP. 


46.  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog. 

THE  roots  of  elecampane,  (the  plant  star-wort) 
pounded  soft,  boiled  in  new  milk,  and  given  plenti- 
fully to  any  thing  that  is  bitten,  during  forty-eight 
hours,  (keeping  the  subject  from  all  other  food) 
have  been  found  an  effectual  remedy  for  this  dread- 
ful and  frequently  fatal  malady .-^,V.  Y.  Pajier. 


^$  tiSEIUL   RECEIPTS. 

47.  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Doj. 

THE  following  remedy  for  the  bite  of  a  mad  dog 
i$  recommended  in  the  French  papers  : — A  new 
laid  egg  is  to  be  beaten  up  and  put  into  a  frymg-pan, 
with  oil  of  olives,  cold  drawn,  and  dressed,  but  not 
too  dry.  Into  this  is  to  be  put  a  great  quantity  of 
powder  of  calcined  oyster  shells,  which  is  to  be 
sprinkled  in  such  C]uantities  as  the  mixture  will  ab- 
sorb. This  is  to  be  given  as  a  dose  which  is  to  b^ 
repeated  fornine days  fasting  ;  and  the  wound  is  at 
the  same  time  to  be  washed  with  salt  water.  The 
author  of  it  professes  to  have  tried  it  Avith  repeated 
success,  on  man,  dogs,  and  other  animals. 


TROM    A    CHARLESTON    PAFER. 

43.   T/ie  Jn/allible  Cure  for  the    Dysentery. 

I  HAVE  been  acquainted  with  it  nearly  forty 
years,  and  never  knew  it  to  fail.  I  have  cured  all 
that  ever  had  it  on  my  plantation,  and  myself  seve- 
ral times.  Not  forty  days  past,  I  was  afilictedwith 
the  dysentery,  andcuredmyself  with  the  receipt  un- 
der written.  About  thirty  ye?irs  ago,  I  cured,  tsi^o 
persons  in  Charleston,  who  had  been  under  the  care 
of  three  physicians,  and  it  had  baflled  th^ir  art  and 


rfifiFUL   RECEIPTS. 


Sf 


«kill ;  yet  this  receipt  cured  them  in  a  few  days. 
The  public  may  rely  on  the  efficacy  and  infullibilitf 
«f  the  receipt,  viz.— As  soon  as  you  find  the  fiux  is 
bad,  if  possible  before  it  comes  to  the  dysentery, 
drink  three  or  four  tea-cupfu's  of  melted  suet  dai- 
ly, say  a  cup  full  every  three  or  four  hours  ;  let  the 
food  be  the  flour  of  well  parched  Indian  corn  made 
into  a  pap  with  new  milk,  and  sweetened  with  leaf 
sugar;  and  let  the  drink  be  nothing  else  but  a 
strong  tea  made  with  chipped  logwood,  or  red  oak 
bark,  and  sweetened  with  loaf  sugar,  though  it  will 
do  without  sweetening.  When  you  find  it  is  check- 
ed, make  the  tea  weaker  ;  should  it  stop  too  sud- 
den, take  a  little  salts.  With  the  above  simples,  I 
can  cure  thousands  without  the  loss  of  one.  Th© 
<;ure  will  be  eftected  in  five,  six  or  seven  days. 

4' — 


49.  Cure  for  the  Dysentery, 

TAKE  of  the  roots  of  thelov,r-runningb!ackber- 
i-y  vine,  one  large  handful  ;  make  a  strong  tea  of 
them  in  the  same  manner  as  you  would  make  other 
tea,  only  let  it' stand  on  the  cbals  a  little  longer — . 
Give  ^wo  tea-cups  full  to  an  adult;'  and  one  to  a 
child.  After  it  has  operated,  give  the  patient  a 
plenty  of  low  balm  ten,  or  cold  Svater  if  preferred. 
Be  careful  when  the  appetite  returns,  to  give  them 

o 


38  USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

but  a  little  to  eat  at  a  time,  and  that  as  often  as  the 
appetite  calls,  and  no  oftener.  This  blackberry 
root  tea  operates  as  a  thorough  but  gentle  purge  in 
this  complaint,  and  as  soon  as  it  operates,  it  changes 
the  nature  of  the  stools  ;  that  is,  instead  of  blood, 
Sec.  the  stools  will  be  of  a  greenish  froth,  and  SQ 
will  continue  to  be  until  they  become  natural. 


50.   Cure  for  the  Dysenterrj. 

TAKE  ncAV  churned  butter  without  salt,  and  just 
skimming  off  the  curdy  part,  when  incited  over  a 
clear  fire,  give  two  spoonfuls  of  the  clarified  re- 
mainder, twice  or  thrice  within  a  day,  to  the  per- 
son so  affected.  This  has  never  failed  to  make  al- 
most an  instant  cure. 


5 1 .  For  the  Dysentery  Isf  Colera,  or   Vomiting. 

TAKE  oil  of  pennyroyal,  two  drops  to  a  tablcr 
spoonful  of  molasses,  syrup  or  honey  ;  after  being 
well  stirred  up,  let  one  tea-spoonful  be  administer- 
ed every  hour  until  it  has  the  desired  effect,  which 
from  experience,  I  can  safely  assure  the  public, 
will  be  found  in  every  case  of  the  ubo\  e  disorder,  tQ 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 


be  a  speedy  and  certain  cure.  For  a  grown  person, 
the  dose  may  be  doubled,  and  given  in  the  same 
manner.  From  an  Old  Lady, 


.^- 


52.  Jn  Infallible  Cure  for  ths  St.  Anthony's  Fire. 

I  AM  neither  pliysician,  snrgeon,  apothecary  nor 
nostrum-monger,  (says  a  correspondent)  but  totally 
ignorant  of  the  materia  niedica,  except  that  I  have 
swallowed  large  draughts  of  it,  to  cure  me  of  pain- 
ful returns  of  St.  Anthony's  Fire  at  spring  and  fall. 
In  vain,  alas  !  did  I  swallow  ;  for  the  saint  was  con- 
stant in  his  visit  at  the  accustomed  time,  notwith- 
standing the  repeated  prophecies  of  my  doctor  and 
apothecaries  to  the  contrary.  Fortunately  for  me, 
ten  years  since,  I  was  favoured  with  a  visit  from  a 
good  lady,  during  the  spring  confinement,  who  told 
me,  if  I  would  at  the  time,  take  the  eider  tree  blos- 
soms and  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  at  each  season, 
for  a  month,  drink  every  morning  fasting,  half  a 
pint  of  elder  flower  tea,  and  the  same  in  the  after- 
noon, that  it  would  drown  the  saint.  The  next 
season  of  the  elder  tree  blossoming,  I  followed  her 
advice,  as  also  the  spring  following,  and  have  done 
so  these  nine  years  ;  since  wliich  time,  the  saint  has 
not  tormented  me  in  the  least.  I  have  recommend- 
ed this  tea,  from  my  experieiice  of  its  ef£cacy,  to 


i4Q  USErri.  RECEIPT^. 

ten  of  my  fellow-sufferers  since  my  own  case,  every 
one  of  whom  has  found  it  a  specific  remedy. 

AVhen  the  elder  tree  is  in  blossom,  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  the  flowers  should  be  gathered,  in  a  dry 
day,  and  dried  with  great  care  for  the  spring  use. 
The  tea  is  made,  by  pouring  a  quart  of  boiling  wa- 
ter on  two  handfuls  of  elder  flowers,  when  green  ; 
a  less  quantity  will  do  when  dry.  It  may  be  drank 
hot  or  cold,  as  best  suits  the  stomach.  Each  sin- 
gle blossom  is  not  to  be  picked  ofl",  but  the  heads 
from  the  main  stalks. 


■4- 


53.  JFor  St.  .Anthony's  Fire. 

TAKE  a  purge  ;  and  anoint  with  the  marrow  of 
mutton. 


54.  An  adirirable  B-ecipe  for  a  Ccnsiimpthn. 

TAKE  of  Madeira,  (or  good  generous  moun- 
tain) wine,  two  quarts  ;  balsam  of  Gilead, 
two  ounces  ;  albanum  in  tears,  (grossly  powdered) 
tv.'o  ounces,  flowers  of  Benjamin  half  an  onnccj  let 
the  mixture  stand  three  or  four  days  near  the  fire,  fre- 
quently shaking ;  then  addtIieretO;of  Narbonne  honey 


VSE'FVL   RECEtPTS.  41 

'  four  oflr.ces,  extract  of  Canadian  maiden  hair  eight 
ounces,  shake  the  bottle  ^vdl,  and  strain  olTthe  li- 
quor. The  dose  two  tea-spoonfuls,  to  be  taken 
once  in  fonr  hours,  in  Colt-foot  tea  or  water,  sweet- 
ened witli  capillaire. 

N.B.  The  Canadian  maiden-hair,  which  we  now 
import  from  thence  in  great  plenty  is  infinitely  su- 
perior to  that  which  groAvs  in  England.  A  strong 
ihfusibn  made  of  this  herb,  sweetened  with  honey 
or  sugar  candy,  is  the  best  ptizan  which  can  possi- 
lily  he  draivk  by  consumptive  people,  and  Avill  of  it- 
self (.ure  any  recent  cough. 

55.   Cure  for  the  Hear  I -Bum. 

EAT  two  or  three  meats  of  peach-stones,  of  any 
kind  of  peach,  and  it  will  effect  a  cure  immediately. 
Those  which  are  dry  are  preferable. 


-ib- 


FROM    A   VIRGINIA    PAPER. 

56.  InfaHible  and  Effecttidl  Cure  for  the  Stone. 

THROUGH  theehannel  of  your  paper  Irequest 
a  publicatiwvof  the  following  cure  for  the -stone  by 

O   2 


42  VSEFCL    RECEIPTS. 

dissolution.  The  genileman  by  v.hosc  consenl and 
desire,  and  upon  v  hose  authofily  the  subsequent 
facts  are  ofTered  to  the  public,  is  a  Mr.  Richard 
Major,  of  Loudon  county,  in  this  state,  minister 
of  th.e  baptist  society  ;  a  man  of  integrity,  and,tnucli 
respected.  Being  in  company  with  him  a  few  days 
ago,  I  had  the  follov-'ing  relation  from  his  ovvii 
moutli  : — 

That  having  for  a  number  of  years  been  afflicted 
vith  that  painful  disease,  he  was  at  length  inform- 
ed that  a  certain  physician,  his  name  unknown,  la- 
bouring under  the  same  disease,  being  at  Berk- 
ley spring,  a  negro  man  there  profferred  to 
cui'c  him  :  This  he  at  first  disregarded,  but 
expecting  a  speedy  dissolution  unless  some  aid 
could  be  obtained,  afterwards  sent  for  the  negro, 
•who  agreed  to  cure  hiin  for  three  ppimds.  lie  ac- 
cordingly undertool<,  and  in  a  short  time  effectually 
eradicated  the  disorder.  The  physician  then  gave 
hiin  his  choice  of  freedom  by  purchase  in  lieu  of 
the  contract  betwixt  them,  on  condition  he  ■would 
disclose  the  means  of  the  cure  ;  to  which  the  slave 
agreed.  The  receipt  is  the  expressed  ju:ce  of 
horse-mint  and  red  onions  ;  one  gill  of  each  to  be 
taken  moniing  and  evening  till  the  complaint  be  re- 
moved. That  he,  Mr.  Major,  being  urged  to  atri- 
«il  of  the  above-mentioned  remedy,  submitted  to  if, 
though  with  some  reluctance,  as  he  conceived  his 


VSEFUL    RECEIPTS. 


term  of  life  to  be  bat  short  at  most.  Not  having  it 
in  his  power  to  procure  green  mint,  so  as  to  get 
the  juice,  he  used  instead  thereof,  a  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  dried  herb  :  in  other  respects  strictly,  ad- 
hering to  the  prescription,  -which  had  the  desired 
effect.  He  began  the  experiment  in  August,  and 
Avithin  a  week  he  had  occular  demonstration  of  dis- 
solution by  the  slightest  touch  of  a  particle  that  had 
passed  from  him,  which  continued  so  to  do  without 
pain  or  the  least  obstruction,  until  th.e  stone  was  en- 
tirely dissolved,  and  the  cure  ccmpleatly  effected 
before  the  ensuing  spring.  That  from  the  time  the 
disorder  began  to  yield  as  aforesaid,  he  daily  reco- 
vered his  health,  strength  and  flesh,  and  was  in 
as  good  phght  as  ever,  age  excepted,  being  at  the 
time  seventy  two  years  of  age,  with  an  appearance 
corresponding  with  his  own  account  ;  and  as  he 
farther  said,  without  the  slightest  attack  of  the  dis- 
order from  the  time  he  began  to  use  the  above 
means  of  cure.  This,  at  his  request,  is  communi- 
cated to  the  public  by 

DANIEL  ROBERDIEU. 


57,  Indian  Method  of  Curing  Sfiitting  of  Blo6d. 
[Communicated  in  a  letter  to  the  late  Doctor  Mead.] 
THE  following  case  is  a  very  extraordinary  one  j 


•44  •  ^^^y^U L  -« KGErPITJ . 

t)Ut  Tknow  the  gentleman  to  be  a  mnn  of  veracity, 
find   had  this   acctmnt  from  his  own  mouth.     He 
"^V^s «f  a  thin,  hcitic  constitution,  and  la^xmred  irti- 
<der  a  troublesome  pirlmonai-y  courjh  for  some  years  ; 
-at  lR3t  be  was  taken  with  anhnrmoptoe,  for  which  he 
lijid  the  best  advice' lie  cotikl  get  in  !\faryUmd,  bdt 
■grew  rather  worecTin'der  the  care  of  two  physicians 
"who  attended  him 'for  several  months  ;  and  at  last 
he  was  prevailed  iiponto'put  himself  under  thecare 
■  of  a  negro  fellow,  who  is  the  Ward  of  Mar  J  land  : 
for  he  has  the  reputatibn  of  pcrfoiTning-  some  cstra- 
-ordinary  cur(^s,   though  nature  has  the  Chief  claim 
to  them  :  but  indeed  this  Avasnot  the  cise  here.— . 
In  ^hoft,  lie  advised  the  gentleman  to   go   into  a 
'Warm  bath  twice  a  day,  and  sit  irp  to  his  chin  in 
-'it,  for  two  or  three  ii^inutes  at  a  time,  and  to  wear 
'■^flannel  m;xt  to  his  skin.     This  method  soon  reliev- 
"  ed  the  gentleman  ;  and  when  I  left  Maryland,  which 
Was  about  seven  or  eight  years  after  the  cure, he  re- 
mained fi-ee  from  his  hjemopto;,  eased  very  much 
of  his  cough,  and  went  through  a  good  deal  of -exer- 
cise. 


•68.  J  Recd/itfor  Bitters  to  prevent  the  Flrvcr 
a?id  Jgue^  and  all  other  J'^all  Ftvers. 

TAKE  of  common   meadow  calamus  cut  into 
small  pieces,  of  rue,  wornwood    and  camomile, 


.eSEFUL    RECEIfTS.  ^45 

or  centaury,  or  hoar-hound,  of  each  tvvo  ounces, 
add'to  them  a  quart  of  spring  water,  and  take  a  wine 
glass  full  of  it  evei*y  morning  fasting.  This  cheap 
and  excellent  infusion  is  far  more  effectual  than  raw 
-spirits,  in  preventing  fevers,  and  never  subjects  the 
;person  who  uses  it,  to  an  offensive  breath,  or  to  the 
•danger  of  contracting  a  love  for  spirituous  liquors. 

4? 

'59.  J  certain  Cure  for  Corns. 

TAKE  two  ivy  leaves  and  put  them  into  vinegar 
for  twenty-four  hours  ;  apply  one  of  them  to  the 
corn,  and  when  you  find  its  virtue  extracted,  apply 
the  other,  and  it  will  effectually  and  speedily  re- 
move the  corn  without  the  least  pain. 


60.  To  make  the  most  cheefi  and  simple  Electric 
Machine, 

TAKE  a  piece  of  plank  eighteen  or  twenty  inch- 
es square,  place  two  small  posts  at  a  distance  that 
will  take  the  length  of  a  bottle  that  will  hold  perhaps 
a  quart  ;  the  bottle  must  be  round,  and  of  flint 
glass,  (they  may  be  had  at  the  apothecaries  for  3s. 
or  3s.  6d.)  put  in  a  hard  wooden  stopple,  at  the  oth- 
er end  stick  on  a  piece  of  hard  wood  with  any  glu- 


^8  vscruL  RECEir-js. 

tinous  matter,  surh  as  shoemaker's  vax  or  tlielike  ; 
make  a  small  hole  in  the  center  of  this  wood,  and 
the  stopple,  to  receive  two  points  which  come  thro' 
tlie  posts  ;  thus  the  bottle  being  huni^  in  a  roiling 
position,  let  a  b^nd  go  round  the  neck,  and  be  con- 
A'cyed  to  a  wheel,  eight  or  nine  inches  over,  which 
turns  with  a  crank.  Then  take  an  eight  ounce  vi- 
al, roat  it  hiside  and  out  wiih  tin  foil  ;  this  may  be 
stuck  on  with  st'ff  glue  or  candied  oil  ;  the  vial 
must  have  a  large  nose,  or  it  will  be  difficult  to 
coat  the  inside  ;  cork  it  light,  havinr;  a  wire  run 
through  the  middle  of  the  cork  with  a  common 
leaden  bullet  on  the  top  ;  bind  tlie  wire  so  tliat  the 
ball  may  come  within  half  an  incli  of  the  cylinder  ot" 
large  bottle  ;  place  it  in  the  center  of  the  cylinder, 
then  having  a  piece  of  deer-skin  leather  sewed  up 
and  stuffed  in  form  of  a  pincushion,  having  amal- 
gam rubbed  on  one  side,  hold  it  to  the  cylinder  op- 
posite to  the  ball  ;  put  the  machine  in  motion,  and 
the  fire  will  collect  and  fill  the  small  viaU  To  take 
a  shock,  hold  the  vial  w  hers  it  is  coated  with  one 
hand,  touch  the  ball  with  the  other.  If  a  number 
of  persons  wish  to  take  a  shock  at  once,  the  pereon 
at  one  end  of  the  circle  holds  the  vial,  whilst  that  ou 
the  other  touches  the  b;ill  ;  the  vial  must  not  be 
coated  within  one  inch  of  the  top. 

To  make  amalgam,  take  half  an  ounce.of  speltar, 
melt  it,  mix  with  it  half  an  ciuice  of  quick-silver  ; 


rSEFUL    RECEIPTS.  4f 

"vrhilst  -warm,  gi'ind  it  to  a  powder.  This  machine 
18  very  useful  where  a  stagnation  of  blood,  or  any 
kind  of  numbness  has  taken  place  ;  for  sudden  pain, 
&c.  The  writer  has  reason  to  speak  well  of  this 
machine,  as  it  was  one  time  the  means  of  saving  his 
life.  It  is  sincerely  wished  that  a  physician  or 
some  other  person  would  keep  one  in  each  tov/n  ; 
the  expence  is  no  inore  than  seven  or  eight  shil- 
lings. 

61.  To  Cure  Children  in  the  worst  stag'e  of  Intox- 
ication. 
THE  writer  has  twice  known  the  instance  of 
children,  insensible  of  the  effect  of  spirituous  li- 
quor,drinkingtothat  degree  that  life  was  despaired  of. 
On  their  being  placed  in  a  tub  of  v/arm  water  over 
their  hips,  and  a  tea-kettle  of  cold  water  being  pour- 
ed on  their  head,  they  immediately  recovered,  and 
are  now  in  perfect  health.  If  this  receipt 
may  be  the  means  of  saving  the  life  of  but  one  child 
in  the  course  of  time,  the  writer  will  thiiik  himself 
richly  paid  for  his  trouble. 


62.  Cure  for  the  Jgue, 
PRINK  the  decoction,  (that  is  the  boiling  of  any 


4B  USEFUL  nECEIPTS. 

heii))  of  camomile,  and  sweeten  it  with  treacle  ; 
which  diinkwhen  warm  in  bed,  and  sweat  two  hours. 
Or,  to  the  wrists  apply  a  mixture  of  rue,  mustard| 
and  chimney  soot,  by  way  of  plaister. 


63.  Cure  for  Almonds  of  the  Ears  fallen  down. 

TAKE  a  little  bole  armniac  in  powder,  and  with 
it  mix  some  Venice  turpentine,  and  spread  it  on 
sheep's  leather,  as  broad  as  a  stay,  and  apply  it  un-» 
cler  the  throat  from  ear  to  ear. 


64 .     A  Cure  for  Frost  Bit  ten  Feet. 

TAKE  the  fat  of  a  dung-hill  fowl,  and  rub  the 
place  or  places  affected  with  it,  morning  and  even- 
ing, over  a  warm  fire  ;  at  the  same  time  wrapping 
a  piece  of  woollen  cloth,  well  greased  with  the  said 
fatj  round  the  frost  bitten  parts.  In  two  or  three 
days  they  will  feel  no  pain,  and  in  five  or  six  days 
Avill  be  quite  cured. 

Kote, — If  the  inner  bark  of  elder,  or  the  leaves 
of  plantain,  are  first  simmered  in  said  fat,  it  will  be 
the  better. 


■BSEFUL    RECEIPTS.  49 

65.   To  Cure  the  Asthma^  or  Shortness  of  Breath. 

TAKE  a  quart  of  aqua  Titte,  one  ounce  of  anni- 
«eed  bruised,  one  ounce  of  liquoi'ice  sliced,  and  half 
a  pound  of  stoned  raisins  ;  let  them  Steep  ten  dayi 
in  the  abovementioned,  then  pour  it  off  into  a  bottle, 
with  two  spoonfuls  of  fine  sugar,  and  stop  it  verf 
close. 


66.     Method  of  vmkijig  Ajilile  Brandy.    . 

THE  following  receipt  for  making  Apple  Bran- 
<ly,  was  communicated  by  Joseph  Cooper,  esq.  of 
Gloucester  county,  New- Jersey,  accompanied  Avith 
a  specimen  of  the  liquor,  made  in  the  manner  he 
represented.  The  liquor  is  mild,  mellow  and  pleas- 
ant ;  and  greatly  superiour  to  apple  spirits  procured 
by  the  common  process. 

Put  the  cider,  previous  to  distilling,  into  vessels 
free  from  jnust  or  smell,  and  keep  it  till  in  the  state 
which  is  commonly  called  good,  sound  cider  ;  but 
not  till  sour,  as  that  lessens  the  quantity  and  injures 
the  quality  of  the  spirit.  In  the  distillation,  let  it 
run  perfectly  cool  from  the  worm,  and  in  the  first 
time  of  distilling,  not  longer  tJian  it  will  flash  when 
cast  on  the  still  head  and  a  lighted  candle  applied- 
P 


30  USEFVL    RECEIPTS, 

Under  it.  In  the  second  distillation,  shift  the  vessel 
as  soon  as  the  spirit  runs  below  proof,  cr  has  a  dis- 
agreeable smell  or  taste,  and  put  what  runs  after 
M  ith  the  low  wines.  B/  this  method,  the  spirit,  if 
distilled  from'  good  tidtr,  Aviil  t?.ke  nearly  cr  quite 
one  third  of  its  quantity  to  bring  it  to  proof ;  for 
■vphich  purpose,  take  the  last  running  from  a  chec  se 
of  good  v/ater  cider,  direct  from  the  press,  unfer- 
mented,  and  in  forty-eight  hours  the  spirit  will  be 
milder  ami  better  flavoured  than  in  several  years 
standing  if  manufactured  in  the  common  way. 
When  the  spirit  is  dra^v^l  oif,  which  may  be  done  in 
five  or  six  days,  there  will  be  a  jelly  at  the  bottom, 
which  may  be  distilled  again,  or  put  into  the  best 
cider,  or  used  for  making  cider  royal,  it  being  bet- 
ter for  the  pui'pose  than  the  clear  spirit,  as  it  will 
greatly  facilitate  in  reSnmg  the  liquor. 

JOSEPH  COOPER. 


-.4'- 


67.  A  most  excellent  J\/et/iod  of  viaking  Butter^  at 
now  practieed  m  England^  ivhich  effectally  p.rc- 
vents  its  changing  and  becoming  rank. 

THE  day  before  churning,  scald  the  ci'eain  in  a 
clean  iron  kettle,  over  a  clear  fire,  taking  care  that 
it  does  not  boil  over.  As  soon  as  it  begins  to  boil, 
or  is  sufficiently  scalded,  str^  it,  ^vheu  the  party* 


VSEfUL    RECEIPTS.  51 

fetes  oF  milk  Tvhichtend  to  sour  arul  chan?;e  tHe  but- 
ter are  separated  and  kTt  behind.  Put  the  vesfclin 
\vliich  it  was  stfaincd  in  a  tub  of  water,  in  a  cellar, 
till  next  moi'Dlrig,  wlieri  it  will  be  ready  for  churn- 
iiig,  and  become  butter  ift  lerjs  thr.n  a  quiu'terof  the 
timerequiredby  the  common  method.  It  will  also 
b'i  hard,  ^'fritli  a  peculiar  additional  svreetness,  and 
will  not  change.  The  labor  in  this  way  is  less  than 
the  other,  as  the  butter  comes  so  much  sooner,  and 
saves  so  much  labor  in  v;orking  cut  the  butiermilk. 
By  this  method,  good  butter  may  be  iDade  in  the 
hottest  Weather. 


•#- 


68.   Good  Cider  as  easily  nvade  as  iad. 

TO  make  cider  of  early  or  late  fruit,  that  "will 
I'ec'p  a  length  of  time,  without  the  trouble  of  fre- 
quent dra-.ving  off — Take  the  lar^-est  cask  you  have 
on  your  farm,  from  a  l^arrei  upwards  ;  put  a  few 
Sticks  in  the  bottom,  in  the  manner  that  house-wives 
set  a  lye  cask,  so  as  to  raise  a  vacancy  of  two  er 
three  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  cask  ;  then  lay 
over  tiiese  sticks  either  a  clean  old  blanket,  or  if  that 
be  not  at  hand,  a  quantity  of  sv,'indiin'^  fiax,  so  as 
to  make  a  coat  of  about  a  quarter  of  ah  inch  thicli, 
ti^en  put  in  so  much  cleaned  Avaslied'.sahd,  from  a 
beach  or  road,  as  will  cover  about  sii:  oe*  eiglvtitichas 


53  rSEFVL    RZCEITTS. 

in  depth  of  your  vessel ;  pass  all  your  cider  from  the 
press  through  a  table  cloth,  suspended  by  the  cor- 
ners, ■which  will  take  out  the  pummice  ;  and  pour 
the  liquor  gently  upon  the  sand,  through  which  it 
must  be  suffered  to  filter  gradually,  and  as  it  runs 
off  by  a  tap  inserted  in  your  vessel,  in  the  vacancy 
jnade  by  the  sticks  at  the  bottom,  it  will  be  found 
by  this  easy  method,  as  clear  as  cider  can  be  ex- 
pected by  the  most  laborious  process  of  refining  j 
and  all  the  mucilaginous  matter,  which  causes  the 
fennentation  -and  souring  of  cider,  will  be  se- 
parated so  as  to  prevent  that  disagreeable  conse- 
quence. 

N.  B.  Other  methods  may  be  easily  invented  for 
passing  the  cider  through  the  sand,  which  is  the  on- 
ly essential  part  of  the  above  process. 

'^ 

69.  ^  Method  of  making  Currant    JVijie^  iv/iich  hat 
been  Jiraclised  by  viany  and  found  to  be  genuine,  ' 

[Extracted  from  the  Transactions  of  the  Philosophical 
Society  of  Philadelphia.] 

GATHER  your  currants  when  full  ripe  ;  break 
them  well  in  a  tub  or  vat  ;  press  and  measure  your 
juice  ;  add  two  thirds  water,  and  to  each  gallon  of 
miixture,   (juice   and  water)   put  three   pounds  of 


USKFUL    RECEIPTS.  5o 

mvtscovado  sugt>r,  tliC  cleaner  and  drier  the  belter  ; 
very  course  sugar,  iirst  clui'ified,  ^vill  do  equally  as 
well  :  stir  it  well,  till  the  sugar  is  ■well  dissolved, 
and  then  bung  it  up.  Your  juice  should  not  stand  o- 
ver  night  if  you  can  possibly  help  it,  as  it  should 
not  ferment  before  mixture.  Observe  that  your 
cask  be  sweet  and  clean.  Do  not  be  prevailed  on  to 
add  more  than  one  third  of  juice,  as  above  prescrib- 
ed', for  that  ■would  render  it  infallibly  hard  and  un- 
pleasant :  nor  yet  a  <:;reatcr  proportion  of  sugar,  aS 
it  will  certainly  dcpiive  it  of  its  pure  vinous  taste. 


OF  .MAKING  SUNDRY  SORTS  OF  BRITISH 
WINES. 


70,   Currant  Mine. 

PICK  the  currants  (when  they  are  full  ripe)  clean 
from  the  st?.lks,  then  put  them  into  an  earthen  ves- 
sel, and  pour  on  them  fair  and  clean  hot  water,  that 
is,  a  quart  of  water  to  a  gallon  of  currants  ;  then 
Jjruise  or  marsh  them  together,  and  let  them  stand 
and  ferment  ;  then  cover  them  for  tAvelve  hours, 
sti'ain  them  through  fine  linen  into  a  large  earthen 
crock,  (as  they  say  in  Sussex)  and  then  put  the  li- 
quor into  a  cask,  and  thereto  put  a  little  ale-yeast  j 
P   2 


54  VSEFVL    RECEIPTS, 

and  vhen  worked  and  settled,  bottle  it  off.  This 
is  exceeding  pleasant,  and  very  wholesome  for  cool- 
ing the  blood.  In  a  week's  lime  it  will  be  fit  for 
bottling. 

4, . 

71.  Artificial  Claret. 

TAKE  six  gallons  of  water,  two  gallons  of  the 
best  cider,  and  thereto  put  eight  potmds  of  the  best 
Malaga  raisins  bruised  ;  k-t  them  stand  close  cover- 
ed in  a  warm  place  for  two  weeks,  stirring  them  eve- 
ry two  days  well  together  ;  then  press  out  the  liquor 
into  a  vessel  again,  and  add  to  it  a  quart  of  the  juice 
of  barberries,  (which-perhaps  is  best)  to  which  put 
a  pint  of  the  juice  of  black  cherries  :  work  it  up 
>yith  mustard  seed  covered  v»"ith  bread  paste  for 
three  or  four  days,  by  the  fire  side  ;  after  which,  let 
it  stand  a  week  ;  then  bottle  it  oft",  and  it  Avill  be- 
come near  as  good,  if  not  so  as  to  exceed,  common 
elaret. 

— 4»- — 

72.  Gooseberry  IVitie, 

THE  best  way  is  to  take  for  every  three 
pounds  of  fi'uit  one  pound  of  sugar,  and  a 
quait  of  fair  water  ;  boil  the  water  very  well, 
but  you  must  put   in  the    aforesaid  quantity    of 


WSEFUL    RECEIPTS.  -55 


sugar  v.hen  it  is  boiled  ;  bruise  the  fruit,  and 
steep  it  twenty-four  hours  in  the  water  ;  stir  it 
some  time,  then  strain  it  off,  and  put  the  sugar  to 
it,  and  let  it  stand  in  a  runlet  close  stopped  for  a  fort- 
night ;  then  draw  it  off,  and  set  it  up  in  a  cellar, 
and,  in  two  months,  it  will  be  fit  to  drink. 


73.  Raspberry  Wine. 

TAKE  the  raspberries  clear  from  the  stalks  ;  to 
a  gallon  of  v>hich  put  a  bottle  of  Avhite-wine,  and  lee 
them  infuse  in  an  earthen  vessel  two  or  three  days 
close  covered  ;  then  bruise  the  berries  in  the  wine, 
and  strain  them  through  fine  linen  gently  ;  then  let 
it  simmer  over  a  moderate  fire  ;  skim  off  the  froth, 
and  then  strain  it  again,  and,  with  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  loaf  sugar  to  a  gallon,  let  it  settle  ;  then, 
in  half  a  pint  of  white  wine,  boil  an  ounce  of  well 
scented  cinnamon,  and  a  little  mace,  and  put  the 
wine,  strained  from  the  spice,  into  it,  and  bottle  it 
up. 

4, 

74.  Damson  Wine. 

DRY  the  damsons  in  an  oven  after  you  have  tak- 
en out  your  bread,  then  to  every  quart  of  damsons 


56  USEFUL    RECEIP.TS. 

piit  three  quarts  of  fair  water,  l)\it  first  boil  it  very 
well  ;  then  put  the  water  nv.d  claiwsons  inio  a  runlet 
with  sugar  ;  and  having  stood  a  time  an  flic  lent,  bot- 
tle it  oiT. 


75.   Tll?ic  r>f  Graf  103. 

WHEN  they^re  fully  ripe,  in  a  dry  day,  pick 
off  those  grapes  that  are  ripest  ;  and  squeeze  them 
in  a  vat  or  press  made  for  that  purpose,  in  which 
must  be  a  fine  canvas  bag  to  contain  the  grapes, 
and  v.hcn  in  the  press  do  not.  squeeze  thtm  so  hard 
as  to  break  the  seeds  if  you  can  help  it  ;  because 
the  bruised  seeds  M'ill  give  the  wine  a  disagreeable 
taste  :  then  strain  it  well,  and  let  it  settle  on  the 
lees  in  such  a  cask  or  vessel  as  you  may  draw  it  off 
without  raising  the  bottom  ;  then  season  a  ciisk  well 
with  some  scalding  water,  and  dry  iter  scent  it  with 
a  linen  rag  dipped  in  brimstone,  by  fixing  it  at  the 
bouge,  by  the  bung  or  cork  ;  then  put  the  wine  in- 
to it,  and  stop  it  close  for  forty-eight  hours  ;  then 
give  it  vent  at  the  bonge,  v.ith  a  hole  made  \n\]\  a 
gimlet  ;  in  which  put  a  peg  or  fawcet,  that  may  b-e 
easily  moved  with  the  fingers  ;  then,  in  I'.bout  two 
days  time,  it  will  be  fit  for  driiiking,  and  prove  al- 
most as  good  as  French  wine. 


VSEFUI.    RECEIPTS.  5f 

76.    IVine  of  Stratvbernes  or  Basfiberries. 

MASH  the  berries,  and  put  them  into  a  linen  bag, 
as  aforesaid  said  for  the  grapes,  and  squeeze  them 
into  a  cask,  and  then  let  it  work  as  in  the  aforesaid 
grape  receipt,  &c.  In  this  manner  may  cherry 
wine  be  made  ;  but  then  you  must  break  the  seeds, 
contrary  to  what  was  said  before  concerning  the 
grapes. 


-#■ 


77.  A  short  way  for  Cherry  TVine. 

SQUEEZE  the  juice  of  cherries  into  a  cask,  and 
thereto  put  a  small  quantity  of  sugar,  correspond- 
ing to  the  quantity  of  juice  ;  and  when  stood  a 
Xnonth,  it  will  be  a  pleasant  liquor. 


78.  Black  Cherry  Wine. 

IN  the  same  manner,  take  a  gallon  or  more  of 
the  juice  of  black  cheifies,  and  keep  it  in  *a  vessel 
close  stopped  till  it  works  ;  and  after  it  is  fine,  add 
an  ounce  of  sugar  to  each  quart,  and  a  pint  of  whit© 
wine. 


^8  VSEfUi.    RE0E1?T5. 

79.  Mead. 

TAKE  six  gallons  of  wuter,  and  ibeve^^o  put  six 
quarts  of  honey,  stirring  it  till  the  honey  be  tho- 
roup:hly  mixed  ;  then  set  it  over  the  fire,  and  when 
ready  to  I)oil,  scum  it  very  well  :  then  put  to  it  « 
quarter  of  an  ounce  of  mace,  and  as  much  ginger, 
and  half  an  ounce  of  nutmegs,  some  sweet  marjo- 
ram, thyme,  arid  sweet  briar,  together  a  handful  ; 
then  boil  them  in  the  liquid,  then  let  it  stand  by  till 
cold,  and  then  barrel  it  up  for  use. 


' '^^ 

80.      To  make  Beet',,  TjithoiU  Matt. 

TAKE  thirteen  gallons  of  water,  l)oi]  and  scum 
It,  put  two  pounds  of  brown  sugar  and  two  pounds 
of  treacle  to  it  ;  boil  them  together  haif  an  hour, 
strain  the  liquor  thro'  a  sieve,  and  put  to  it  a  penny 
worth  or  two  ofhyium,  when  cold  ;  avoiV.  it  a  day  and 
a  night,  then  turn  it  :  let  it  stand  m  the  barrid  a 
day  and  a  nip,ht,  theii  bottle  it,  and  put  into  each 
bottle  a  tea-spoon  fuH  of  bi'o^k'n  su^'ar. 


81.     For  p-csd^ifig  Jj'/tlfs  thro'  the  irivter. 
THE  secret   of  preici'vin;^-  apples  tbtough  the 


CSSrUI.    RECEIPTS.  5^ 

winter,  in  a  sound  state,  is  of  no  small  importance?. 
Some  say  that  shuitingthemup  in  a  tight  cask  is  an 
effectual  method,  and  it  seems  probable  ;  for  they 
soon  rot  in  open  air.  But  an  easier  method,  aiid 
what  has  recommended  itself  to  me  by  the  expeii- 
ence  of  several  years,  is  as  folloAvs  :— . 

I  gather  them  about  noon,  at  the  full  of  the  mcon, 
in  the  latter  part  of  September  or  beginning  of  Oc- 
tober.    Then  spread  them  in  a  chamber  or  garret, 

where  they  lie  till  about  the  last  of  November 

Then  remove  them  into  casks  or  boxes,  in  the  cel- 
lar, out  of  the  way  of  the  frost ;  but  I  pr^fi^r  a  cool 
part  of  the  cellar.  With  this  management  I  find  I 
can  keep  them  till  the  last  of  May,  so  well  that  not 
one  in  fifty  v/ill  rot. 


82.   To  fiickle  Cucumbers^  green. 

WASH  them,  and  dry  them  in  a  cloth  ;  then 
lake  water,  vinegar,  salt,  fennel  tops,  some  dill-tops, 
and  a  little  mace  ;  m^ke  it  sharp  enough  for  taste  ; 
then  boil  it  awhile,  then  take  it  off  and  let  it  stand 
till  cold  ;  then  put  it  in  the  cucumbers  and  stop  the 
Vessel  close,and  within  a  week  they  will  be  fit  for  use. 


60  ¥SEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

83.      To  Jackie  French  Beans. 

TAKE  them  while  young,  and  cut  off  the  stalks, 
then  take  good  vinegar  and  boil  it  with  pepper 
^nd  salt  ;  season  it  to  your  palate,  and  let  it  stand 
till  cold  ;  then  take  the  beans  and  put  them  into  a 
stone  jar,  placing  dill  between  the  layers,  and  then 
put  in  the  pickle,  and  cover  them  close  foi"  three 
weeks  ;  then  take  the  pickle  and  boil  it  again,  and 
put  it  into  the  beans  boiling  hot ;  cover  them  close, 
and  when  cold  they  'svili  be  lit  to  eat. 

Or,  French  beans  may  be  pickled  thus  :  Take 
your  beans  and  string  them,  boil  them  tender,  then 
take  them  off  and  let  them  stand  till  cold  ;  then  put 
them  into  pickle  of  vinegar,  pepper,  salt,  cloves, 
jnace,  and  a  little  ginger. 


81.      To  {dckle  Walnuts,  to  eat  like  7na>igoea. 

TAKE  green  walnuts,  before  the  shell  has  grown 
to  any  hardness  in  them  ;  pick  them  from  the 
stalks  and  put  them  into  cold  water,  and  set  them 
on  a  gentle  fire,  till  the  outward  skins  begin  to  peel 
off  ;  then,  with  coarse  cloth,  wipe  it  off  ;  then  put 
them  into  a  jar,  and  put  water  and  salt  therein,  sliift- 
ing  it  once  a  day  for  ten  days,  till  the  bitterness  a"  ' 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS.  61 

discolouring  of  the  vrater  be  gone  ;  then  take  a  good 
quantity  of  mustard  seed,  which  beat  up  with  vine- 
gar, till  it  becomes  coarse  mustard  ;  then  take  some 
clove  of  garlic,  some  ginger,  and  a  little  cloves  and 
mace  ;  make  a  hole  in  each  nut,  and  put  in  a  little 
of  this  ;  then  take  white-wine  vinegar,  and  boil  them 
together,  which  put  to  the  nuts  boiling  hot,  with 
some  pepper,  ginger,  cloves  and  mace,  as  also, 
some  of  the  mustard  seed  and  garlick,  which  keep 
close  slopped  for  use. 


85.   To  Fickle  Mushrooms: 

FIRST  blanch  them  over  the  crowns,  and  barb 
them  beneath  ;  then  put  them  into  a  kettle  of  boil- 
ing water,  then  take  them  forth  and  let  them  drain  ; 
when  they  are  cold,  put  them  into  your  jar  or  glass, 
and  put  to  them  cloves,  mace,  ginger,  nutmeg  and 
whole-pepper  ;  then  take  white-wine,  a  little  vine- 
gar, and  salt  ;  then  pour  the  liquor  into  the  mush- 
rooms, and  stop  them  close  for  use. 

'>? 

86.   To  Pickle  Lemon  and  Orange  Peel. 

BOIL  them  in  vinegar  and  sugar,  and  put  them 
into  the  same  pickle  :    observe  to  cut  them  into 

o 


.62  VSEFVL    RECEIPTS. 

small  long  thcngs,  the  length  of  half  the  peel  of 
your  lemon  ;  it  ought  to  be  boiled  in  water,  before 
it  is  boiled  in  vinegar  and  sugar. 


-'t- 


67.   To  Preserve  Fruit  gree}i. 

TAKE  pippins,  apricots,  pears,  plumbs,  or 
peaches,  when  they  are  green  ;  scald  them  in  hot 
water,  and  peel  them  ;  then  put  thein  into  another 
water,  not  so  hot  as  the  first  ;  then  boil  them  very 
tender,  and  take  the  weight  of  them  in  sugar,  and 
put  to  them  as  much  water  as  n'xW  make  a  syrup  to 
ccyat'  them  ;  llien  boil  the  syrup  till  it  be  somewhat 
thick,  and  when  cold,  put  them  together. 


83.   To  Preserve  Raspberries, 

TAKE  good  raspberries  that  are  not  too  ripe,  but 
very  whole  ;  take  av.ay  the  stalks,  and  put  them  in* 
to  a  flat  bottomed  eai-then  pan  ;  boil  sugar,  and  pour 
it  over  your  raspberries,  then  let  them  stand  to  be 
cool  ;  and  when  they  arc  cold,  pour  them  softly  in- 
to your  preserving  kettle  and  let  them  boil  tiU  your 
gyrup  be  boiled  pretty  thick  :  scum  them  very 
well  in  the  boiling  >*  this  done,  put  them  in  pots,  and 
when  cold,  covor  them  up  close  for  use. 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS.  ^3 

89.   To  Preserve  Barberries. 

TAKE  one  pound  of  barberries  picked  from  ibe 
stalks,  put  tlietn  in  a  pottle-pot,  and  set  it  in  a  brass 
pot  full  of  hot  water,  and  when  they  are  sie\vcd, 
strain  them,  and  put  to  the  burbenies  one  and  an 
half  pounds  of  sugar,  and  to  tliem  put  a  pint  of  rose- 
water,  and  boil  them  a  little  ;  then  take  half  a  pound 
of  the  fairest  clusters  of  barberries  you  can  get,  and 
dip  them  in  the  ^yrup  while  it  is  boiling ;  thai  take 
the  barberries  out,  and  boil  the  syrup  till  it  is  thick, 
and  v/hen  cold,  put  them  in  glasses  with  the  syrup. 

# 

90.  To  Preserve  Currants. 

LAY  a  layer  of  currants,  and  then  a  layer  of  su- 
gar, and  then  boil  them  together  as  before  prcscrib- 
ed  for  rasfiberries  ;  scum  tliem  in  boiling  till  the 
syrup  is  pretty  thick  ;  then  take  them  off,  and  v/hen 
they  are  pretty  cold,  put  them  in  gallypots  or  glass- 
es closely  stopped. 

91.   To  Preserve  Walnuts  green. 

BOIL  the  v/alnuts  till   the  water  tastes  bitter, 
-  then  take  them  off,  and  put  them  in  cold   water  ; 


i4  WSErt'L    KECEIPTS. 

peel  off  the  bark,  and  weigh  as  much  sugar  as  they 
weigh,  and  a  little  more  water  will  then  wet  the  su- 
gar :  set  them  on  the  fire,  and  when  they  boil  up, 
take  tljem  off  ;  let  them  stand  two  days,  and  thw-n 
koil  again. 


.4, 


92.  To  Preserve  Cherries. 

FIRST  take  some  of  the  worst  cherries,  and  boil 
them  in  fair  water,  and  when  the  liquor  is  well  co- 
loured, strain  it  ;  then  take  some  of  the  best  cher- 
ries, with  their  weight  in  beaten  sugar ;  then  lay 
one  layer  of  sugar,  and  another  of  cherries,  till  all 
is  laid  in  the  preserving  kettle  ;  then  pour  a  little  li- 
quor of  the  worst  of  cherries  into  it,  and  boil  the 
cherries  till  they  are  well  coloured  :  then  take  them 
up  and  boil  the  syrup  till  they  will  button  on  the 
aide  of  a  plate  ;  and  when  they  are  cold,  put  theju 
up  in  a  glass  close  covered  for  use. 


93.   To  Candy  Cherrie». 

TAKE  cherries  before  they  be  full  npe,  and  take 
•ut  the  stones  :  then  take  clarified  sugar  boiled  to  a 
height,  and  pour  it  on  them. 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 


6ff 


94-.   To  Candy  Fears,  Puimbs,  J/vicots,  iffc. 

TAKE  them,  and  give  every  one  a  cut  half 
through  ;  then  cast  sugar  on  them,  and  bake  thera 
m  an  oven,  as  hot  as  for  manchct,  close  stopped  ; 
let  them  stand  half  an  hour,  then  lay  them  one  by 
one  upon  glass  plates  to  dry,  and  they  will  appear 
very  fine  and  clear  :  in  this  manner  you  may  candy 
any  otner  fruit. 


95.   Of  Jellies. 

LET  them  be  of  apples,  currants,  raspberries, 
kc.  Take  out  the  clear  liquor  v.hen  squeezed,  and 
boil  it  with  sugar  till  it  is  as  thick  as  a  jelly.  Then 
put  into  glasses,  and  cover  it  close. 


56.  ^  method  of  Presei~nng  Eggs. 

EGGS  keep  very  well  when  you  can  exclude  air  ; 
■rtliich  is  best  done  by  placing  a  grate  in  any  run- 
ning water,  and  putting  eggs,  as  the  hens  lay  them, 
on  the  upper  side  of  the  grate,  and  there  let  them 
lie,  covered  with  water,  till  you  are  going  to  use 


G9  ¥SElL'i.    IIKCEU'MS. 

them,  ^vllen  you  will  find  them  as  good  as  if  they 
had  been  lain  that  day.  This  way  answers  much 
better  than  greasing  ;  as  sometimes  one  place  is 
missed  which  spoils  the  whole  egg  :  even  those  that 
are  fresh  never  eat  so  well.  In  places  where  peo- 
ple a'-'2  afraid  their  eggs  will  be  stolen,  tliey  should 
make  a  chest  with  a  number  of  slits  in  it,  that  the 
water  may  get  in  freely  ;  the  top  of  which  being 
above  the  v/ater,  may  be  locked  down.  Mill-dams 
are  the  most  proper  for  these  chests  or  grates. 

N.  B.    The   water  must  continually  cover  the 
eggs,  or  tiiey  will  spoil. 

'k • 

97.   To  Cure  Hams,  as  is  practised  m  Virginia. 

T'AKE  6  pounds  cf  fine  salt, 

3  pounds  of  brown  sugar,  or 
3  pints  of  molasses, 
1  pound  of  salt-petre  powdered  ; 
Mix  all  these  together,  to  ser\^  for  twenty-four 
liams  :  rub  each  ham  well  all  over  with  this  mix- 
ture, and  pack  them  down  in  a  cask  or  tub,  and  let 
them  so  remain  for  five  or   six  days  ;    then  turn 
them,  and  sprinkle  some  salt  lightly  over  them,  and 
so  let   them  remain  five  or  six  days    more,   then 
add  brine   or  pickle  strong  enough  to  bear  an  e^^y 
and  let  them  remain  covered  with  it  for  a  monthj, 
when  they  will  be  fit  to  smoak. 


USEFUL    RECEIPTS.  6/ 

98.  Another  Mode^   equally  as  good  a7id  aim  file. 

TO  four  gallons  of  soft  river  water,  add  one 
pound  of  brown  sugar,  four  ounces  of  siilt-petrc,  and 
eight  pounds  of  coarse  salt.  Boil  all  these  toget'i- 
er,  and  carefully  take  off  the  scum  as  it  rises  ;  wheu 
clear,  let  it  remain  till  cold,  then  pour  it  over  the 
Tneat  till  covered,  and  the  quantity  of  pickle  must 
be  increased  according  to  the  quantity  of  meat ;  the 
meat  must  not  be  pressed,  but  put  lightly  into  a 
cask,  and  remain  in  for  six  or  seven  weeks,  when 
it  will  be  fit  to  smoke. 


99.  For  a  vcater  to  Destroy  Bugs,  Flies,  AntSy 
and  other  insects,  on  tender  jdants. 

[Livented  by  C.  Tatin,  Seedsman  and  Florist  at  Paris.]: 

THE  receipt  for  this  valuable  composition,  and 
which  obtained  for  the  ingenious  author  a  reward 
from  the  Bureau  de  Consultam,  who  desired  it 
might  be  made  as  public  as  possible,  is  thus  given* 
in  the  celebrated  Annales  de  Chimic  : — > 

Take  of  black  soap  four  ounces, 
Flour  of  sulphur  four  ounces, 
Mushrooms  of  any  kind  four  ounces,. 


68-  USEFUL    RECEII'TS. 

Water  wherein  dung-  has  been  soaked, 
two  gallons  :  and  thus  ui  proportion. 

Divide  the  water  into  equal  parts  ;  pour  one  part 
into  a  barrel,  vat  or  any  vessel  of  convenient  size  ; 
Arhich  should  be  used  only  for  this  purpose  ;  let  the 
black  soap  be  stirred  in  it  till  it  is  dissolved,  and 
then  add  to  it  the  mushrooms  after  they  have  been 
slightly  bruised.  Let  the  remaininghalf  of  the  wa- 
ter be  made  to  boil  in  a  kettle  :  put  the  whole  quan- 
tity of  sulphur  into  a  coarse  linen  cloth,  tie  it  up 
with  a  thread  in  form  of  a  parcel,  and  fasten  it  to  a 
stone  or  other  weiglit,  to  make  it  sink  to  the  bot- 
tom. During  twenty  minutes,  being  the  time  that 
the  boiling  should  continue,  stir  it  well  with  a  stick, 
and  let  the  packet  of  sulphur  be  squeezv.'d  so  as  to 
rcake  it  yield  to  the  water  all  its  {X)wer  and  colour. 
The  effect  of  the  water  is  not  rendered  more  pow- 
erful by  increasing  the  quantity  of  ingredients. 
The  water,  when  taken  off  the  fire,  is  to  be  pour- 
ed mto  the  vessel,  with  the  remaining  water,  where 
it  is  to  be  stirred  a  short  time  with  a  stick  ;  this 
stirring  must  be  re]>eated  every  day,  till  the  mix- 
ture becomes  foetid,  (or  putrid)  in  the  highest  de- 
gree. Experience  shews,  that  the  older  and  more 
f(£tid  the  composition  is,  the  more  quick  is  its  ac- 
tion. It  is  necessary  to  take  care  to  stop  the  ves- 
sel well  QXi-rv  time  the  mixture  is  stirred.  When 
we  wish  to  make  use  of  this  water,  wc  need  only 


»SEFOL    RECEIPTS.  C9 

sprinkle  it  on  the  plants,  or  plunge  their  l^ranches 
into  it  :  but  the  best  manner  of  using  it,  is  to  ejsct 
it  on  them  witli  a  syringe,  or  squirt  gun. 

4. 

100.   To  Kill  Lice  on  Cattle. 

TAKE  a  broad  woollen  list,  as  broad  as  your 
hand,  that  will  go  round  about  his  neck  ;  then  wet 
the  hst  well  in  train  oil,  and  sew  it  about  the  beasts 
neck,  and  the  lice  will  come  to  it,  and  it  will  kill 
them  if  there  were  ever  so  many  ;  daub  some  about 
the  breast  in  several  places,  and  they  will  come  to 
it,  and  it  will  kill  them.  No  flies  in  summer  will 
come  near  any  wound  or  sore,  where  this  is  ap- 
plied, for  it  Thrill  kill  them. 


.4,. 


101.  To  Destroy  Bugs^  and  rid  Houses  of  them. 

TO  remove  these  noisome  and  troublesome  ver- 
min, take  oil  of  turpentine,  wash  over  the  walls  and 
bedsteads  Avith  it,  or  particularly  where  there  are 
any  crevices,  cracks  or  crannies,  and  they  will  die 
away,  and  the  room,  after  some  time  using  it,  no 
more  be  pestered  with  them. 

The  juice  of  Avormwood  and  rue  is  very  good  to 


70  tySfcFfL  RfrcE;rTS. 

Avabh  the  b.clsteads,  crevices,  or  any  place  where 
yon  suppose  they  are,  and  IFyoif  would  lie  safe  a- 
mong  thousands  in  a  tbom,  I'ince  your  sheets  irt 
water,  v  herein  sassufras  has  bcui  well  steeped,  and 
they  win  not  enter  npon  thcni  ;  or  you  inay  lay 
that  wood  in  slices  among  your  linen,  and  it  will 
have  the  same  effect.  Keep  yoiir  rooms  airy  and 
clean  always. 


AGRICULTURAL. 
To  Fjxmexs. 

102.  J71  eaty  method  to  preserve   Wheat  and  l^e  . 
/ro7n  the   WcaviL 

AS  you  stack  wheat,  en  every  two  or  three  lay- 
ers of  sheaves,  spread  some  elder  leaves  and.branch- 
es.  This  was  communicated  to  me  by  a  farmer, 
who  tried  tlie  experiment  with  success  las^t  year. 
The  same  inform.a^it  adds,  that  he  hl's  read  in  histo- 
ry, that  the  same  remedy  has  been  s^iphed  in  Eu- 
rope, Vtiien  they  have  occasion  to  lay  up  a  sevei> 
year's  store,  Sec.  As  the  remedy  is  easy,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  farmers  will  avail  them.selves  of  the  ad- 
vantage. Exporters  of  fiOur  fi-om  the  states  have 
iKAhing  so  m  u  ch  tt)  fear.     Im^t  c  tora  of  fiovir  ought 


•VSETrL    RECEIPTS.  %l 

i^  be  guarded  against  this  evil  ;  no  such  flour 
ought  to  be  suffered  to  leave  the  states.  The  crej- 
dit  of  our  flour  abroad  depends  on  the  inspectors. 

N.  B.  Lime,  applied  as  above,  will  produce  the 
same  efiect. 


.4,. 


i 


103.   To  fireserve  Indian  CorJificm  Birds^  isfc. 

TO  prevent  your  Indian  corn  when  planted,  from 
being  taken  up  by  birds  or  destroyed  by  woi'ms  or 
insects,  take  about  one  pint  of  tar  to  a  bushel  of 
seed  corn,  and  in  the  like  proportion  for  a  greater 
quantity,  and  stir  it  well  together  till  every  grain 
receives  a  part  of  the  tar.  This  will  effectually  an,- 
-swer  the  purpose  required. 

104.  For  Inocitlating  Fruit  Trees. 

AUGUST  and  September  are  the  proper  months 
to  innoculate  or  bud  most  kinds  of  fruit  trees  ;  an 
operation  that  every  landholder  should  have  some 
knowledge  of.  When  a  tree  has  finished  its  growth 
for  the  year,  a  bud  is  formed  at  the  very  tip  or  end 
.of  the  twig  ;  which  denotes  that  it  is  in  a  proper 
State  to  bud  or  inoculate.    Some  trees  are  indeed 


72  USEFUL    RECEIPTS. 

an  exception,  as  they  continue  growing  almost  the 
•whole  seuson,  and  may  be  buclckd  through  all  July 
and  August. 

With  a  sharp  knife,  slit  the  bark  of  any  twig  not 
more  than  half  an  inch  thick,  and  not  less  than   a 
quarter  of  an  inch.     Carefully  cut  through  the  bark, 
but  not  to  wound  the  wood  under  it.     Let  the  slit 
be  rather  more  than  an  inch  long.     In  like  manner 
cut  half  an  inch  long  across  this  slit,  at  the  bottom, 
so  that  the  two  cuts  through  the  bark  will  resemble 
a  j^  bottom  upwards.     Then  take  a  bud  of  the  fruit 
you  wish  to  propagate^  with  its  bark  near  an   inch 
Jong,  taking  care  to  loosen  it  from  the  woody  part  of 
the  stem,  so  as  to  put  it  off  from  your  thum!)  and 
finger,  separating  the  bark  and  the  eye   under  the 
bud  fronr  the  wood.     If  the  eye  is  left  on  the  wood, 
vou  must  throw  by  the  bud  and  take  another.  Then 
insert  the  bud  under  the  j^,  before  described,  and 
bind  it  down  with  woollen  strings,  or  well  soaked 
strips  of  bark  of  bass  wood,  leaving  the  eye  of  tlie 
bud  to  the  air.     In  two  or  three  weeks,  the  bud  will 
unite  with  the  stalks,  when  the  string  must  be  loos- 
ened.    The  stocks  may  be  cut  away  the  next  spring. 
This  method  is  on  many  accounts  better  than  graft- 
ing.    It  gives  the  farmer  another  cliance,  provided 
lii 3  grafts  fail  in' the  spring.     Stone  fruits  succeed 
only   or  best  with   inoculation.     Small  twigs,  too 
small  for  common  grafting,  answer  well— rand  alcove 


•SEPUt   RECEIPTS.  V'f 

all,  In  this  way,  very  little  injury  is  clone  to  the 
etock.  In  a  fruit  country,  this  method  ought  to  be 
well  understood.  A  con'espondent  says,  tliat  cow- 
dung,  with  the  addition  of  a  very  little  salt,  is  s 
good  plaister  for  the  wounds  of  fruit  trees.  When 
large  limbs  are  cut  off,  the  stumps  should  be  cover- 
ed to  keep  out  the  air.  Too  much  salt  will  spoil 
the  tree. 


105.  To  take  FUm  off  a  Horse's  Eye, 

BLACK  Pepper,  finely  ground,  and  sifted  tliro* 
a  piece  of  gauze  ;  add  thereto  fine  ground  salt,  of 
each  as  much  as  will  lay  on  the  point  of  a  case 
knife,  mixing  them  well  together  ;  then  take  as 
tnuch  dough  as  will  thinly  cover  an  ounce  ball, 
make  it  flat,  place  the  pepper  and  salt  thereon,  and 
roll  them  up,  making  the  same  about  the  size  of 
an  ounce  ball  ;  then  put  it  as  low  down  as  possible 
in  the  off  ear,  fastening  tlie  ear  so  as  to  prevent  its 
falling  out.  The  above  takes  off  die  worst  of  films, 
and  no  way  injures  the  horse.  This  receipt  has 
been  used  rnany  years  in  this  place  with  the  great- 
est sucgcss. 


E 


7i  USEFUL   RECEIPTS. 

106.  ACuTifcrShe&Ji'Bitinff. 

AN  intelligent  farmer  in  New-Jersey  seized  a 
dog  which  often  worried  and  bit  his  sheep.  He  tied 
the  lejj  of  the  dog  by  a  tether  to  the  leg  of  a  strong 
active  rarn,  and  placed  them  on  the  top  of  a  hill. 
The  ram  immediately  began  to  kick  and  butt  the 
dog,  Avho  after  a  little  snapping,  attempted  to  fiy. 
The  tether  held  him,  so  that  the  ram  easily  over- 
took, kicked  and  butted  him.  After  a  short  time, 
the  ram,  excited  to  exertion,  raced  down  the  hill, 
and  forced  the  dog  after  him.  When  the  dog  was 
so  punished  as  not  to  forget  it,  he  was  let  loose,  andl 
would  never  touph  a  sheep  afterwards. 


107.  An  easy  and  sure  Method  to  find  due  J\/lrth 
and  South. 

TAKE  a  smooth  piece  of  board,  draw  on  it  foui*, 
five  or  six  circles,  fasten  it  on  the  top  of  a  post, 
stick  a  pin  in  the  center  which  tke  circles  are  draAvn 
on  within  each  other  ;  observe  in  the  forenoon  oa 
which  circle  the  shadow  of  the  head  of  the  pi» 


USEFUL    nECJ'^IPTS.  7o 

Strikes,  and  make  a  tiKirk.;  theivin  the  afternoon 
observe  when  it  strikes  on  tlie  other  side  of  the 
same  circle  ;  then  find  thss  ccote.ran  the  circle,  then 
stril'e  a  line  from  one  te  the  other,  which  canivjt 
fciil  of  beinf;  norlh  and  south. 


PIlfTS. 


INDEX. 


T 

Pagm, 

A  O  set  a  iJIue  Vat  of  twelve  Barrels, 

9 

Form  of  a  Vat  and  other  Utensils  for  Dyin.^,       10 

To  fit  Cloths  for  Dying, 

IJ 

Another  method  for  Blue, 

15 

Another         do. 

16 

Directions  to  be  observed  in  common  Colouring,  16 

To  Clean  a  Copper, 

18 

A  General  Rule, 

18 

Tor  Blue, 

19 

do. 

20 

Prussian  Blue,  Compound  or  Chymick, 

20 

Another  ISIetiiod  for  Bluing  or  Compound, 

21 

Prussian  Blue, 

21 

For  Green,                                            22,  25, 

24,  25 

For  BoUle  Greenj 

25,  26 

For  Oliv-  Green, 

27 

For  Yellow,                                    .            27, 

28,  39 

For  Buff  Yellow, 

29 

To  take  the  Colour  out  of  Cloth, 

29,  30 

Scarlet  Red, 

31,  32 

For  Crimson  Red, 

52,  33 

For  Red  with  Redwood  or  Nicaragua, 

34 

Crimson  Red  with  Redwood, 

54 

lor  Red v/ith  Madder, 

35 

]  or  Merroon  Red, 

36 

I'o:-  Polished  Red  with  Madder, 

27 

For  Portable  Red, 

38 

For  Claret  Red, 

39 

For  Claret, 

39 

For  Madder  Red  to  be  dyed  a  Claret, 

40 

For  Scarlet  to  be  dyed  Claret  or  any  dark  colour,  40 


For  Cherry  Colour, 

41 

For  Violet  Colours, 

41 

For  Pink  Colour, 

43 

For  Flesh  Colour, 

,43 

I'or  Orange  Colour, 

43, 

44 

For  Brown, 

44 

For  London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Camw 

ood. 

45 

For  London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Nicaragua, 

46 

London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Red-wood, 

4r 

London  Brown, 

48 

For  Reddish  Brov/n, 

49 

For  Spanish  Brown, 

49 

For  London  Smoke, 

50 

Cinnamon  Brown, 

51 

For  Smoke  Brown, 

51 

For  Liver  Brown, 

51 

For  Olive  Brown, 

52, 

53 

For  a  light  Snuff  BroAvn, 

53 

For  Snuff  Brown,                                        54, 

55, 

56 

For  dark  Snuff  Bro^vn, 

54 

For  Bat-wing  Brown, 

57 

For  Slate  Brown, 

5a 

For  Dove  or  Lead  Brown, 

58 

For  Pearl  or  Silver  Grey, 

59 

For  Light  Brown, 

60 

For  Ash  Brown, 

60 

For  Drab  Brown, 

60 

For  Drab, 

61, 

62 

For  Forest  Cloth, 

62 

For  Liver  Drab, 

( 

63 

For  Light  Liver  Drab, 

63 

For  a  Maddei-  Drab, 

63 

For  a  Green  Drab, 

64 

For  a  Reddish  Drab, 

64 

For  Light  Dral), 
For  Yellow  Dra&, 

65 

65 

For  a  Yellow  Drab,  Dark, 

65 

For  a  Forest  Brown, 

6G 

R2 


For  a  Davk  Forest  Broun,  66 

For  Paris  •Mud,  66 

I  or  a  Ravtr.  Colour,  67 

I'Qr  C'row  w iih  Copperas,  68 

lor  Crov/,  with  Uluini'j  or  Compounrl,  68 

For  Crow,  with  Blue  Vitriol,  69 
For  Black,                                            6?,  71,  72,  73 

Ri-ccipts /or  Cotton  and  Linen. 

Blue,  74 

do.     Cold,  75 

do.     Hot,  76 
Tt>  take  thj  C  )loiu'  out  of  Siik,  Cotton  or  Linen, 

y?hfn  spotted,  or  another  colour  is  wished — Hot,  76 

Ffor  Green  on  Silk — Hot.  77 

Green  on  Cotton  or  Linen — Hot,  7S 

Yeilow — Hot,  78 

(^r)i:an;>e  Colour,  78 

Fles'.i  Colour — Hot,  79 

Red— Cold,  79 

Jleddisii  BiTATn — H»t,  79 
For  Plum!)  Colour  or  Purple  on  Silks — Hot,        80 

Furpleon  Cotton  and  Linen — Cold,  80 

Jliv-u-n— Cold,  81 

\iiy:t  or  Lc:-d  Colour— Cold,  82 

Olive—Cokl,  83 

do.     Oil  Sills,  Cotton  or  Linen — Plot,  84 

Liiijht  Olive  oi\  Cotton  and  Linen — Hot,  84 

Sia'.e  Colour — Hot,  34 

jlk^xk— Hot,  8^ 

do.  Cold,  85 

(icneral  Ohservationp.,  87 

■J;)irvctiGn3  for  Dressing  Cloth,  88 

'.]r:cr  FuHino-  Cloth,  88 

For  thin  Cloths,  91 

To  dress  Siik  and  Cotton,  Sec  9 1 

Observations  on  the  component  parts  of  Colours, 

and  Dye-Stuffs,     '  95 

ColcurLng  i:-.Ik,  U4 


Dying  Cotton  and  Linen,  115 
Observations  on  the  present  Situation  of  the 

Dyer's  Business,  1 1 6 

Observations  on  iVLmufacturing  Clotli,  117 


4» 

Part  Second. 

To  Jack  or  harden  Leather  for  Caps,  Sec.  3 

To  make  Varnish  for  Leather,  -t 
To   prepare  Feal'aers,  Fur,  and  Hair,  to  receive 

Red,  Yellow  or  Green,  4 

To  colour  Feathers,  Fuv,  &c.  Red,  4 
To  colour  Feathers,  Fur,   Hair,  and  Woollen  or 

Silk,  Blue,  of  any  shade,  5 

To  colour  Feathers,  &c.  Yellow  and  Green,  6 

To  colour  Feathers,  &c.  Black,  6 

To  Lacker  Brass  and  Tin- Ware,  T 

To  make  Oil-Cloth  for  Hats,  Umbrellas,  Sec.  8 

To  make  Oil-Cloth  for  Carpets,  8" 

To  boil  Oil  for  Painting,  8 

To  make  Stone  Colour,  9 

To  make  Pearl  Colour,  y 

To  make  deep  Blue,  9 

To  make  Sea  Green,  10 

Verdtgrease  Green,  10 

Orange  Colour  for  Carpets,  ID 

To  slack  Verdi  grease,  10 

To  make  Vermillion,  11 

Of  Rose  Lake,  commonly  called  Rose  Pink,  i^ 

For  Prussian  Blue,  13 

For  making  Black  Ink,  1^ 

For  Red  Ink,  j;q 

Painting  with  Milk,  17 

Resinous  Milk  Paint,  1.9 

1^0  stain  Cherry  a  Maliogany  Colour,  %}y 


EHRJTji. 


AGE  ir,  lyle.  5,  for  dressings,  read  di/i/iingjsi 
Pdge  15,  line  5,  foi' cracking  read  smutting.  In  9tiv 
receipt,  7lli  line,  read  air  and  add.  Receip-t  6rth 
fit-fct  line,  for  ponnd,  read  fieck.  Receipt  69,  for  £ai> 
i'Qa.d  7-05.V.  Receipt  77,  fur  thirty  read  fAr^c.  Htceipt 
^j  after  madder,  add  ivj'j  cuucet  of  Ccvniv'jod  ;  and' 
fi.!T  stir  read  air.  Recei])t  84,  f<:»r  twenty  ounces  re£Ml 
i'ti^  ounces.  Receipt  94,  for  cracking  and  cracky 
MCid  mnutiing  and  smitt.  Receipt  96,  for  elder  read 
alder.,  for  rack,  s?:mt.  Receipt  103,  for  eool  read 
hatt  Receipt  118,  for  cracking  re«d  HmiUting,  Pa^^ 
8^,  for  nap  read  knots.  Page  b9,  fci*  drying,  read 
dre&sing.  Page  100,  for  v/eak  read /«»VJ.  Pa^t  ICi*, 
|br  ottei^  I'cad  others, 

s  z  CO  i; D     PJt!  f. 

PAGE  44,  line  16,  after  Wvz  word  time-,  insert  Attd 
es  soon  as  he  came  out  to  dath  cold  nvater  igueral 
tixut  oil  his  breast.  * 


■\ 


.'.* 


.  A\ 


